Age and differentiation-related differences in neuron-specific tubulin immunostaining of olfactory sensory neurons

Lee, Vivian M.; Pixley, Sarah K.

doi:10.1016/0165-3806(94)00139-1

Cited by 74 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Its expression pattern may be episodic or it may undergo regular changes, for example, conformational, that make it invisible to the antibody used in any particular study. On the other hand, the BT expression pattern in the VNO is likely to conform to the pattern of olfactory differentiation observed in the MOE, wherein cell cohorts in the olfactory neuron lineage express BT before they express OMP (Lee and Pixley, 1994). As individual cells begin to express OMP, BT expression in the cell body subsides but remains high in the dendrites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…BT is expressed by neurons throughout the rodent nervous system (Burgoyne et al, 1988). In particular, BT is expressed in the embryonic, neonatal, and adult rodent main olfactory epithelium (MOE) (Lee and Pixley, 1994;Roskams et al, 1998) as well as in the postnatal rodent VNNE (Hofer et al, 2000;Witt et al, 2002) and the adult canine VNNE (Dennis et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Expression of neuron‐specific markers by the vomeronasal neuroepithelium in six species of primates

et al. 2004

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Vomeronasal organ (VNO) morphology varies markedly across primate taxa. Old World monkeys display no postnatal VNO. Humans and at least some apes retain a vestigial VNO during postnatal life, whereas the strepsirrhines and New World Monkeys present a morphologically well-defined VNO that, in many species, is presumed to function as an olfactory organ. Available microanatomical and behavioral studies suggest that VNO function in these species does not precisely duplicate that described in other mammalian taxa. The questions of which species retain a functional VNO and what functions they serve require inquiry along diverse lines but, to be functional, the vomeronasal epithelium must be neuronal and olfactory. We used immunohistochemistry to establish these criteria in six primate species. We compared the expression of two neuronal markers, neuron-specific ␤-tubulin (BT) and protein gene product 9.5, and olfactory marker protein (OMP), a marker of mature olfactory sensory neurons, in paraffin-embedded VNO sections from two strepsirrhine and four haplorhine species, all of which retain morphologically well-defined VNOs during postnatal life. The infant Eulemur mongoz, adult Otolemur crassicaudatus, neonatal Leontopithicus rosalia, and adult Callithrix jacchus express all three proteins in their well-defined vomeronasal neuroepithelia. The infant Tarsius syrichta showed some BT and OMP immunoreactivity. We establish that two strepsirrhine species and at least some New World haplorhines have mature sensory neurons in the VNO. In contrast, at all ages examined, Saguinus geoffroyi VNO expresses these markers in only a few cells. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: immunohistochemistry; olfaction; olfactory marker protein; primate; ␤-tubulin; PGP 9.5; vomeronasalThe tetrapod vomeronasal organ (VNO) is bilaterally symmetric and lies along the ventrorostral aspect of the nasal septum. Sensory neurons in the vomeronasal neuroepithelium (VNNE) of snakes, rodents, and opossums detect chemical signals that evoke behavioral and/or physiological changes regarding prey identification, social status, and reproductive state (Wysocki, 1979;Halpern, 1987;Takami, 2002;Halpern and Martínez-Marcos, 2003).The rodent VNO is the best studied in terms of gene expression during development, its morphological organization, its secondary and higher-order connections, and its effects on the organism's behavior and physiology. For some time, the rodent VNO was thought to epitomize the mammalian vomeronasal system but VNO function as exemplified in rodents is not precisely replicated in other mammalian taxa, namely, ferrets (Weiler et al., 1999;

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

Expression of neuron‐specific markers by the vomeronasal neuroepithelium in six species of primates

et al. 2004

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“…Dennis et al (2004) hypothesized that, with regard to BT and OMP expression, primate vomeronasal sensory neurons follow a developmental program similar to that of sensory neurons of the rat main olfactory epithelium. In those cells, BT is expressed first followed by OMP expression and a down regulation of BT in the cell body (Lee & Pixley, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vomeronasal organ of greater bushbabies (Otolemur spp.): Species, sex, and age differences

et al. 2005

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The present study examined interspecies, intersexual, and age-related changes in size of the vomeronasal neuroepithelium (VNNE) of two species of greater bushbabies (genus Otolemur, Infraorder Lorisiformes, Suborder Strepsirrhini). Tissue blocks containing the vomeronasal organs of nine O. crassicaudatus (8 adults, 1 neonate) and ten O. garnettii (9 adults, 1 neonate) were studied by means of serial paraffin sectioning and computer-based reconstruction of VNNE volume. In addition, the immunoreactivity of the VNNE to two neuronal markers, neuron-specific beta tubulin (BT) and olfactory marker protein (OMP) was compared between species, sexes, and ages. Results indicated that a clear VNNE is present at birth in both species, and OMP immunoreactivity was verified in O. garnettii at birth. Male and female adults of both species showed OMP-immunoreactive and BT-immunoreactive neurons in the VNNE. Immunohistochemical findings indicated that all males and the youngest females had the thickest VNNE, especially at the marginal junctions with the receptor-free epithelium. Results of a 2-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA, species x sex) revealed no significant differences in VNNE length or volume between species, but O. crassicaudatus had significantly ( p < 0.05) greater palatal length. Significant ( p < 0.05) differences also were found between sexes in VNNE volume, but no significant differences in palatal length or VNNE length. The distribution of VNNE volume against age indicated that the sex differences were more pronounced in O. crassicaudatus than O. garnettii. For both species and sexes, distribution of VNNE volume against age suggested an age-related reduction in volume. These findings demonstrate postnatal plasticity in VNNE size in Otolemur that is reminiscent of that found for olfactory structures in some rodents. Bushbabies or other strepsirrhine primates may offer an opportunity for further understanding of behavioral correlates of VNNE postnatal plasticity, which may represent primitive functional characteristics of the order Primates.Abbreviation: BT, beta tubulin; IHC, immunohistochemistry; OMP, olfactory marker protein; RFE, receptor-free epithelium; VNNE, vomeronasal neuroepithelium; VNO, vomeronasal organ; VRN, vomeronasal receptor neurons.

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“…This is completely consistent with the developmental differences in the intact tissues. The adult epithelium contains several layers of OMPϩ neuronal cell bodies, but only one of NSTϩ (Lee and Pixley, 1994) or GAP-43/ B-50ϩ (Verhaagen et al, 1989(Verhaagen et al, , 1990 cell bodies, whereas the newborn epithelium contains multiple rows of NSTϩ, GAPϪ 43/ B-50ϩ neurons and 1-2 rows of OMPϩ neurons (Verhaagen et al, 1989(Verhaagen et al, , 1990Lee and Pixley, 1994).…”

Section: Adult Rat Nasal Mucosal Cultures (Anm-alone)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro neurogenesis was demonstrated by pulse labeling with [ 3 H]thymidine. The neurons generated include immature OSNs (Pixley, 1992a), which are immunoreactive for the class III ␤-tubulin (neuron-specific tubulin, NST; Lee and Pixley, 1994), and mature OSNs, which are immunoreactive for both NST and the olfactory marker protein, OMP, a specific marker of mature OSNs (Farbman and Margolis, 1980;Graziadei et al, 1980;Pixley, 1992a;Lee and Pixley, 1994). The OSNs in these cultures aggregate into tightly packed spheres of NSTϩ neurons by 15 d in vitro (DIV; Pixley, 1992a;Pixley et al, 1994) that have been termed "micro-noses" because of phenotypic resemblances to the intact epithelium .…”

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confidence: 99%

In VitroGeneration of Adult Rat Olfactory Sensory Neurons and Regulation of Maturation by Coculture with CNS Tissues

Grill

Pixley

1997

J. Neurosci.

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Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are continually generated throughout life. Although previous studies have examined neurogenesis in olfactory cell cultures derived from embryonic or newborn rodents, we demonstrate neurogenesis in cell cultures derived from adult rat tissues. Dissociated cells taken from adult rat nasal mucosal tissues (ANM cells) were plated onto a feeder layer of newborn rat cortical glia (astrocytes) in serumfree conditions. Immature OSNs (stained for neuron-specific tubulin, NST) increased in number between 1 and 5 d in vitro (DIV) and in mass thereafter. Mature OSN (stained for olfactory marker protein, OMP) numbers decreased between 1 and 5 DIV, then increased over 5 DIV values by 12 and 15 DIV. Pulse labeling with [ 3 H]thymidine confirmed in vitro neurogenesis. To determine whether the target cells for OSNs, olfactory bulb (OB) neurons, provide trophic support, dissociated newborn rat OB cells were cocultured with ANM cells on glia. This resulted in greater numbers of OMP-positive (OMPϩ) neurons after 9 DIV than ANM-alone cultures. This neurotrophic effect was not OB specific. Addition of newborn rat cerebellar and embryonic rat ventral mesencephalic cells to ANM cells also increased OMPϩ neurons, whereas addition of newborn rat cortical cells or controls (purified glia or fibroblasts) did not. Changes in numbers of dopaminergic neurons (stained for tyrosine hydroxylase), present in OB and VM cultures, did not correlate with OMPϩ neuronal increases. Thus, cultures of adult rat OSNs demonstrate neurogenesis, and trophic/maturation support is variably provided by CNS neurons (and not glia).

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Age and differentiation-related differences in neuron-specific tubulin immunostaining of olfactory sensory neurons

Cited by 74 publications

References 34 publications

Expression of neuron‐specific markers by the vomeronasal neuroepithelium in six species of primates

Expression of neuron‐specific markers by the vomeronasal neuroepithelium in six species of primates

The vomeronasal organ of greater bushbabies (Otolemur spp.): Species, sex, and age differences

In VitroGeneration of Adult Rat Olfactory Sensory Neurons and Regulation of Maturation by Coculture with CNS Tissues

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