Age and gender responses to strength training and detraining

Lemmer, Jeffrey T.; Hurlbut, D. E.; Martel, Gregory F.; Tracy, Brian; Ivey, Frederick M.; Metter, E. J.; Fozard, James L.; Fleg, Jerome L.; Hurley, Ben F.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200008000-00021

Cited by 233 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The decline in endurance performance appears primarily due to an age-related decrease in VO 2 max (Reaburn and Dascombe 2008) where gender differences in the rate of the age-related decline in VO 2 max are common (Weiss et al 2006). Between 20 and 80 years old, the muscle area decreases by ∼40% (Lemmer et al 2003). Muscle tissue analyzes showed that both slow-and fast-twitch fibres decline with increasing age, although the loss of fast-twitch fibres is greater (Korhonen et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Muscle tissue analyzes showed that both slow-and fast-twitch fibres decline with increasing age, although the loss of fast-twitch fibres is greater (Korhonen et al 2009). This is probably because of fibre atrophy as opposed to a loss of inherent force production of the myofibrils (Lemmer et al 2003). Because muscle cross-section is related to overall muscular force production, strength declines with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance

Knechtle

Rüst

Rosemann

et al. 2011

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The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the participation and performance trends at the '100 km Lauf Biel' in Switzerland from 1998 to 2010, and (2) to compare the age-related changes in 100-km running performance between males and females. For both sexes, the percent of finishers significantly (P<0.01) decreased for the 18-29 and the 30-39-year age groups, while it significantly (P<0.01) increased for the 40-49 and the 50-59-year age groups over the studied period. From 1998 to 2010, the mean age of the top ten finishers increased by 0.4 years per annum for both females (P=0.02) and males (P=0.003). The running time for the top ten finishers remained stable for females, while it significantly (P=0.001) increased by 2.4 min per annum for males. There was a significant (P<0.001) age effect on running times for both sexes. The best 100-km running times was observed for the age comprised between 30 and 49 years for males, and between 30 and 54 years for females, respectively. The age-related decline in running performance was similar until 60-64 years between males and females, but was greater for females compared to males after 65 years. Future studies should investigate the lifespan from 65 to 75 years to better understand the performance difference between male and female master ultra-marathoners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance

Knechtle

Rüst

Rosemann

et al. 2011

AGE

136

200

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“…Loss of strength and functional gains following PRT is inevitable once training ceases, especially in the older population (10). However, it appears that the benefits of PRT, once established (i.e., after 8 -12 weeks of training), can be maintained with reduced training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the benefits of a high‐intensity progressive resistance training program sustained in rheumatoid arthritis patients? A 3‐year followup study

Lemmey

Williams

Marcora

et al. 2011

Arthritis Care & Research

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Objective. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were reassessed for body composition and physical function mean ؎ SD 39 ؎ 6 months after commencing a randomized controlled trial involving 24 weeks of either high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) or low-intensity range of movement exercise (control) to determine whether the benefits of PRT (i.e., reduced fat mass [FM], increased lean mass [LM], and improved function) were retained. Methods. Nine PRT and 9 control subjects were reassessed for body composition (dual x-ray absorptiometry) and function (knee extensor strength, chair test, arm curl test, 50-foot walk) approximately 3 years after resuming normal activity following the exercise intervention. Results. At followup, PRT subjects remained significantly leaner than control subjects (P ‫؍‬ 0.03), who conversely had accumulated considerable FM during the study period (approximately ؊1.0 kg versus ؉2.4 kg, PRT versus controls). PRT subjects also retained most of the improvement in walking speed gained from training (P ‫؍‬ 0.03 versus controls at followup). In contrast, the PRT-induced gains in LM and strength-related function were completely lost. Data from the controls suggest that established and stable RA patients have similar rates of LM loss but elevated rates of FM accretion relative to age-matched sedentary non-RA controls. Conclusion. We found that long-term resumption of normal activity resulted in loss of PRT-induced improvements in LM and strength-related function, but substantial retention of the benefits in FM reduction and walking ability. The relatively long-term benefit of reduced adiposity, in particular, is likely to be clinically significant, as obesity is very prevalent among RA patients and is associated with their disability and exacerbated cardiovascular disease risk.

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“…As perdas foram observadas apenas após 31 semanas de interrupção dos exercícios e foram de 14% nos idosos e 8% nos jovens (23) , comprovando que o destreino reduz a força independente da idade.…”

Section: (Inicial)unclassified

“…de atletas e sedentários, respectivamente (24) , e idosos exibindo valores de VO 2máx. menores quando comparados com jovens (23) , comprovando que idade, gênero, nível de atividade física, hereditariedade, aumento na gordura corporal e redução na massa de músculo esquelético têm importante influência nesse componente (2) . Entretanto, a participação em atividades aeróbicas regulares pode elevar o consumo de oxigênio em 10% a 25% (25) .…”

Section: (Inicial)unclassified

Efeito de um mês de destreinamento sobre a aptidão física relacionada à saúde em programa de mudança de estilo de vida

Michelin¹,

Coelho

Burini

2008

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Effects of One Month2 ) e realizados testes motores para flexibilidade (FLEX), força de membros inferiores (FMI) e superiores (FMS) e consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO 2máx. ) no início do programa (MI), após nove meses de treinamento (MT) e após pausa de um mês (MD). O tratamento estatístico utilizado foi ANOVA com nível de significância de 5% e o teste de Tukey para a localização das diferenças entre os grupos, quando a mesma foi constatada. Os resultados mostraram que ganhos significativos de 22% e 7% na força de membros inferiores e VO 2máx. respectivamente, alcançados com o treinamento foram mantidos após a interrupção do programa por um mês; enquanto que o aumento de 8% na flexibilidade retornou aos níveis basais após o período de destreinamento. Conclui-se que embora mantidos os ganhos de força de membros inferiores e capacidade aeróbica adquiridos, um mês de destreinamento foi suficiente para perder a flexibilidade conquistada.Palavras-chave: exercício físico, saúde, interrupção do treinamento. ABSTRACTPhysical exercise induces hemodynamic/ventilatory and neuromuscular adaptations that can be reverted with interruption of the training program. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of detraining on physical fitness related to health. Forty-four healthy subjects, both male and female, aged 57.6±8.9 years performed the 'Mexa-se Pró-Saúde' protocol with nutritional orientation and supervised physical exercises for nine months. The program consisted of aerobic, localized muscular endurance and flexibility exercises, with duration 80 minutes/session, five days/week. Only subjects who participated in the program for more than three days/week have been selected. The detraining period was one month. Weight (kg) and height (m) were measured and the body mass index (BMI) calculated. Additionally, motors tests to evaluate the flexibility (FLEX), strength of lower limbs (SLL) and upper limbs (SUL), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2máx ) were conducted in the beginning of the study (MI), after nine months of practicing (MT) and after detraining period (MD). ANOVA (p<0.05) and Tukey test to show the difference between groups when it evidence were used for statistical treatment. The results showed that the gains of 22% and 7% on SLL and VO 2máx respectively, obtained with the training, have not changed during the detraining period; however, the flexibility gain of 8% returned back to baseline after the detraining period. BMI and SUL did not change during the study. Although the lower limbs strength gains and maximal oxygen uptake obtained have been kept, one month of detraining was enough for losing the flexibility acquired.

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Age and gender responses to strength training and detraining

Cited by 233 publications

References 27 publications

Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance

Age-related changes in 100-km ultra-marathon running performance

Are the benefits of a high‐intensity progressive resistance training program sustained in rheumatoid arthritis patients? A 3‐year followup study

Efeito de um mês de destreinamento sobre a aptidão física relacionada à saúde em programa de mudança de estilo de vida

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