African orogeny events. Whereas clinopyroxene, amphibole, titanite and apatite fractionation seems to have affected the nephelinite, nepheline syenite and syenite, carbonatite is affected by fractionation of calcite, dolomite, ankerite, pyroxene, apatite, magnetite, mica, and pyrochlore. Trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb-C-O isotopic compositions of these ARCs strongly suggest a subcontinental lithospheric mantle source, that is enriched either by distribution of subducted crustal material or by metasomatism of mantle-derived fluids, for the generation of ARCs. Despite some isotopic variability that can result from crustal contamination, a trend showing enrichment in 87 Sr/ 86 Sr i (0.702 to 0.708) and depletion in ε Nd(i) (-1.3 to -14.1) over a 2 Gyr duration indicates temporal changes in the lithospheric/ asthenospheric source of ARCs, due to periodic enrichment of the source by mantle-derived fluids. ARC generation starts in an intracontinental rift setting (beginning of Wilson cycle). These early-formed ARCs are carriedto 100 km depths during continental collision (termination stage of Wilson cycle) and undergo extensive