Age and Hormonal Status as Determinants of Cataractogenesis Induced by Ionizing Radiation. I. Densely Ionizing (High-LET) Radiation

Dynlacht, Joseph R.; Valluri, Shailaja; Garrett, Joy; Mendonca, Marc S.; Lopez, Jennifer T.; Caperell-Grant, Andrea; Bigsby, Robert M.

doi:10.1667/rr2319.1

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In support of the epidemiological finding of increased cataracts in astronauts, rats exposed to heavy ions ( 56 Fe ions) develop cataracts and progression is most rapid following irradiation of older (1 year) animals (Dynlacht et al 2011). Chylack et al (2012) suggest that longer follow-ups will be needed to fully characterise the effects of space radiation on progression of cataracts in astronauts.…”

Section: Mechanistic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Radiation-induced cataracts: the Health Protection Agency’s response to the ICRP statement on tissue reactions and recommendation on the dose limit for the eye lens

Bouffler¹,

Ainsbury²,

Gilvin³

et al. 2012

J. Radiol. Prot.

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This paper presents the response of the Health Protection Agency (HPA) to the 2011 statement from the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) on tissue reactions and recommendation of a reduced dose limit for the lens of the eye. The response takes the form of a brief review of the most recent epidemiological and mechanistic evidence. This is presented together with a discussion of dose limits in the context of the related risk and the current status of eye dosimetry, which is relevant for implementation of the limits. It is concluded that although further work is desirable to quantify better the risk at low doses and following protracted exposures, along with research into the mechanistic basis for radiation cataractogenesis to inform selection of risk projection models, the HPA endorses the conclusion reached by the ICRP in their 2011 statement that the equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye should be reduced from 150 to 20 mSv per year, averaged over a five year period, with no year's dose exceeding 50 mSv.

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Section: Mechanistic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Radiation-induced cataracts: the Health Protection Agency’s response to the ICRP statement on tissue reactions and recommendation on the dose limit for the eye lens

Bouffler¹,

Ainsbury²,

Gilvin³

et al. 2012

J. Radiol. Prot.

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“…It is noteworthy that the ICRP has recently proposed lowering the threshold for radiation induced cataracts to 0.5 Gy (29). There have also been some recent studies on space radiation (or other similar types of radiation such as heavy ion-cancer therapy [hadron therapy]) induced cataracts (98–102). It has been reported that astronauts have an elevated risk of developing cataracts (103, 104), which has been associated with exposure to the high linear energy transfer (LET) GCR present in the space environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological effects of space radiation and development of effective countermeasures

Kennedy

2014

Life Sciences in Space Research

156

117

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As part of a program to assess the adverse biological effects expected from astronaut exposure to space radiation, numerous different biological effects relating to astronaut health have been evaluated. There has been major focus recently on the assessment of risks related to exposure to solar particle event (SPE) radiation. The effects related to various types of space radiation exposure that have been evaluated are: gene expression changes (primarily associated with programmed cell death and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling), oxidative stress, gastrointestinal tract bacterial translocation and immune system activation, peripheral hematopoietic cell counts, emesis, blood coagulation, skin, behavior/fatigue (including social exploration, submaximal exercise treadmill and spontaneous locomotor activity), heart functions, alterations in biological endpoints related to astronaut vision problems (lumbar puncture/intracranial pressure, ocular ultrasound and histopathology studies), and survival, as well as long-term effects such as cancer and cataract development. A number of different countermeasures have been identified that can potentially mitigate or prevent the adverse biological effects resulting from exposure to space radiation.

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“…The life-shortening effect of radiation decreased with increase in age of exposure to radiation [6]. The risk of cataract was higher among individuals who were younger at the time of exposure in rats [7, 8] and in the Chernobyl clean-up workers [9]. In a study of atomic bomb survivors, the number of both solid cancers and leukemias increased with decrease in age of irradiation [1, 10–12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

p53-dependent delayed effects of radiation vary according to time of irradiation of p53 + / - mice

Okazaki

Ootsuyama

2013

Journal of Radiation Research

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We previously reported that in p53 + / − mice that had been given a whole-body dose of 3 Gy at 8 weeks of age, p53-dependent delayed effects of radiation, as manifested in T-cell receptor (TCR) variant fractions (VF) instability in mouse splenocytes, were biphasic, namely, induction of TCR-VF mutation reappeared at 44 weeks. The manifestation of the delayed effects and the measures of biological markers varied according to the timing of irradiation. We also reported that the decrease in function of the p53 gene was related to the effects of a delayed mutation. In the present study, we investigated the functions and mutations of the p53 gene in old age for p53 + / − mice following irradiation at various ages. p53 + / − mice were given a whole-body dose of 3 Gy at 8, 28 or 40 weeks of age. There were significant differences for all variables tested at 8 weeks of age. This was similarly the case for mice irradiated at 28 weeks of age, in which there were also significant differences in TCR VF and the percentage of apoptosis. In mice irradiated at 40 weeks of age, there were significant differences for all considered variables except for the p53 allele. We demonstrated that the different patterns of delayed mutation of the p53 gene at 56 weeks of age depended on the age at which mice had undergone 3-Gy whole-body irradiation. Our conclusions are limited to variation in p53-dependent delayed effects according to the time of irradiation.

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Age and Hormonal Status as Determinants of Cataractogenesis Induced by Ionizing Radiation. I. Densely Ionizing (High-LET) Radiation

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Radiation-induced cataracts: the Health Protection Agency’s response to the ICRP statement on tissue reactions and recommendation on the dose limit for the eye lens

Radiation-induced cataracts: the Health Protection Agency’s response to the ICRP statement on tissue reactions and recommendation on the dose limit for the eye lens

Biological effects of space radiation and development of effective countermeasures

p53-dependent delayed effects of radiation vary according to time of irradiation of p53 + / - mice

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