Age and Sex Are Critical Factors in Ischemic Stroke Pathology

Roy-O’Reilly, Meaghan; McCullough, Louise D.

doi:10.1210/en.2018-00465

Cited by 296 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…IS is a complex syndrome triggered by cerebral embolism, with its major etiological subtypes being large artery stroke, cardioembolic stroke as well as the small vessel stroke [2]. Chronological age is one of critical factors in IS pathology but is not considered to be a causal factor [3]. This relationship might reflect the impact of biological aging, particularly, in regards to the accumulation of endothelial and vascular damage over time [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and risk of ischemic stroke in a Han Chinese population: a linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analysis

et al. 2020

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Background Many contradictory conclusions pertaining to the telomere length in peripheral leukocyte chromosomes as a potential biomarker for ischemic stroke (IS) risk have been reported by the various observational studies in previous years. This study aims to investigate whether the leukocyte telomere length is associated with an increased IS risk or not, based on the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods Based on the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog database, the Chinese online genetic database as well as the previous published studies, twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with minor allele frequency ≥ 0.05 were selected and the leukocyte telomere length was measured in 431 first-ever IS patients and 304 healthy controls (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). To explore linear and non-linear effect of telomere length on the IS risk, we preformed the linear MR analysis (the inverse-variance weighted method, the maximum likelihood method, and the mode-based estimation method), and the non-linear MR analysis (semiparametric method with three tests for non-linearity, including the quadratic test, Cochran’s Q test, and the fractional polynomial test). Results Two verified SNPs (rs11125529 and rs412658) were chosen as instrumental variables. In linear MR analysis, the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of IS for genetically predicted telomere lengths, based on the two SNPs, were 1.312 (0.979 to 1.759), 1.326 (0.932 to 1.888) and 1.226 (0.844 to 1.781) for the inverse-variance weighted method, the maximum likelihood method, and the mode-based estimation method, respectively. Three tests for nonlinearity failed to reject the null exactly, indicating that the relationship between telomere length and IS risk is unlikely to be non-linear. Conclusion This MR study based on individual data does not provide strong evidence for a positive linear or non-linear effect of telomere length on the IS risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and risk of ischemic stroke in a Han Chinese population: a linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analysis

et al. 2020

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“…However, the BCOS cannot be directly applied to ABI. While most strokes occur in older age (≥65 years) [ 20 ], most ABIs occur in adult age (16-44years) [ 21 ]. While the family caregivers of individuals with stroke are often in older age rather than middle-aged individuals (45-64years) [ 22 ], the family caregivers of individuals with ABI are often middle-aged or older.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the life change adaptation scale for family caregivers of individuals with acquired brain injury

Shindo

Tadaka

2020

PLoS ONE

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Aim Life changes due to the sudden onset of acquired brain injury (ABI) are drastic personal and social changes that require adaptation and are also an important indicator of the quality of life of family caregivers. However, there are no instruments for evaluating life change adaptation among family caregivers of individuals with acquired brain injury. This study aimed to develop the Life Change Adaptation Scale (LCAS) for family caregivers of individuals with ABI and examine its reliability and validity. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-reported questionnaire. A total of 1622 family caregivers of individuals with ABI who belonged to 82 associations for families of individuals with ABI were selected as eligible participants. The construct validity was evaluated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. The K6 was also administered to assess the criterion-related validity of the LCAS. Results In total, 339 valid responses were received. The confirmatory factor analysis identified eight items from two domains, “Changes in the appraisal of caregiving resources” and “Changes in the health belief as a caregiver” (goodness of fit index = 0.963, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.926, comparative fit index = 0.986, root mean square error of approximation = 0.043.) Cronbach’s alpha was 0.84. The LCAS was negatively correlated with the K6 (r = -0.504; P<0.001). Conclusions The LCAS is a brief, easy-to-administer instrument that is reliable and valid for family caregivers of individuals with ABI. This study contributes to the assessment and identification by family caregivers of individuals with ABI who require aid in adapting to life changes. Further research should be undertaken to verify the predictive value in a longitudinal study and to attempt to apply the LCAS to assess a broader range of subjects in a wider range of settings.

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“…These findings contradict the results of Roy-O'Reilly et al, which claimed that either age or LDL-C factors dominated the carotid stenosis. [14][15][16] The IPA capability of integrating individual factors with their probable cross-interaction improved the program convergence and yielded a high value of r 2 ¼ 0:9352.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aging presented the dominant non-modifiable risk factor for ischemic stroke, which increased mortality/morbidity and inhibited functional recovery among older patients. 14 (2) LDL-C. Epidemiologists have reported that LDL-C level strongly promoted carotid stenosis in elderly patients with cerebral infarction. 15,16 (3) MAP.…”

Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Problem Algorithm Application to Semi-Quantitative Analysis of 272 Patients With Ischemic Stroke Symptoms: Carotid Stenosis Risk Assessment for Five Risk Factors

Lin

Chiu

Lin

et al. 2020

J. Mech. Med. Biol.

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This study proposes the inverse problem algorithm (IPA) with five risk factors applied to the semi-quantitative analysis of carotid stenosis 272 patients with suspected ischemic stroke. The IPA is known to provide a substantiated machine learning-based prediction of the expected outcomes by solving an inverse matrix of variable coefficients. In case of carotid stenosis prediction, such risk factors as patient’s age, mean arterial pressure (MAP), glucose AC, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and C-Reactive protein (CRP) were assessed for the main group of 217 patients. Their results were processed by the STATISTICA program with a customized loss function ([Formula: see text]), yielding the first-order nonlinear semi-empirical formula with 16 terms. The loss function was calculated via the total mismatch between the theoretical predictions and true carotid stenosis cases (%) for all 217 patients. Thus, the carotid stenosis (%) compromised solution array [[Formula: see text]] was optimized using [Formula: see text] individual data points via the proposed algorithm. The results showed a complete regression with loss function [Formula: see text]=2.3543, variance [Formula: see text]=87.46%, and correlation coefficient [Formula: see text]. The reference group of 55 more patients with the same preliminary diagnosis and symptoms was selected to validate the method predictive feasibility, which was found quite satisfactory. The decreasing order of three dominant risk factors was as follows: CRP, glucose AC, and MAP, whereas age and LDL-C weakly influenced the program computation results. The IPA showed a strong convergence by its default characteristic. The reduction of the number of variables in computation deteriorated the prediction accuracy, exhibiting the algorithm’s high sensitivity to the number of variables.

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Age and Sex Are Critical Factors in Ischemic Stroke Pathology

Cited by 296 publications

References 172 publications

Association between telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and risk of ischemic stroke in a Han Chinese population: a linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analysis

Association between telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes and risk of ischemic stroke in a Han Chinese population: a linear and non-linear Mendelian randomization analysis

Development of the life change adaptation scale for family caregivers of individuals with acquired brain injury

Inverse Problem Algorithm Application to Semi-Quantitative Analysis of 272 Patients With Ischemic Stroke Symptoms: Carotid Stenosis Risk Assessment for Five Risk Factors

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