Age- and Sex-Based Hematological and Biochemical Parameters for Macaca fascicularis

Abstract

BackgroundThe cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) has been increasingly used in biomedical research, making knowledge of its blood-based parameters essential to support the selection of healthy subjects and its use in preclinical research. As age and sex affect these blood-based parameters, it is important to establish baseline indices for these parameters on an age and sex basis and determine the effects of age and sex on these indices.MethodsA total of 917 cynomolgus monkeys (374 males and 543 females) were selected and segregated by age (five groups) and sex. A total of 30 hematological and 22 biochemical parameters were measured, and the effects of age and sex were analyzed.ResultsBaseline indices for hematological and biochemical parameters were separately established by age and sex. Significant effects by age, sex, and age-sex interaction were observed in a number of blood parameters. In the 49–60 months and 61–72 months age groups, red blood cell count, hemoglobulin, and hematocrit showed significantly lower values (P<0.01) in females than males. Serum alkaline phosphatase varied with age in both sexes (P<0.01) and was significantly higher in females than males (P<0.05) in the groups aged 13–24 months and 25–36 months; however, in the three groups aged over 25–36 months, serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly lower in females than males (P<0.01). Creatinine concentration increased with age (P<0.01) in all age groups; specifically in the groups aged 49–60 months and 61–72 months, creatinine was significantly higher (P<0.01) in males than females. Total protein and globulin both increased with age (P<0.01).ConclusionThe baseline values of hematological and biochemical parameters reported herein establish reference indices of blood-based parameters in the cynomolgus monkey by age and sex, thereby aiding researchers in selecting healthy subjects and evaluating preclinical studies using this species.

Measurement of hematological and serum biochemical normal values of captive housed Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus monkeys and correlation with the age

“…In this work, for both sexes, the highest ALP values were observed in the youngest animals, which were similar to those found in macaques, bonnet monkeys, marmosets, and in African green monkeys as well . This phenomenon was produced the fact that the ALP is commonly used as serum biochemical marker of bone formation and osteoblast activity .…”

“…In cynomolgus, Xie et al reported increase in the TP level with the increment of the animal age in both sexes. In this study, we not detected the influence of age on this parameter.…”

Acute biochemical and Hematological responses to Burdizzo castration in West African Dwarf bucks

“…There are various castration methods used in animals, which include physical, chemical and hormonal methods (Rajkumar, 2013).Haematological parameters are good indicators of the physiological status of animals (Khan and Zafar, 2005). Several non-genetic factors including castration affecting haematological parameters of farm animals have been observed (Svoboda et al, 2005;Xie et al, 2013). PCV, Hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and RBC were significantly reduced at 1, 2 and 3hours as compared to pre-castration level in this study.…”

Fructose-Fed Induced Metabolic Syndrome Model in Cynomolgus Monkeys

“…On the one hand, it is important to take age and race/ethnicity into consideration, for example it's not suitable for using in children and adolescents [56,57]. On the other hand, several diseases or condition can influence the HbA1c value, lower HbA1c values are found in conditions such as recent transfusion and increased erythropoiesis secondary to hemolysis or blood loss, chronic kidney disease (CKD), anemia [58][59][60], to the contrary, asplenia and Iron deficiency anemia will lead a higher HbA1c values [61,62]. We also take above concerns into account, the hematology results were in normal range in adult monkeys [63].…”