Age and Sex Incidence of Influenza and Pneumonia Morbidity and Mortality in the Epidemic of 1928-29 with Comparative Data for the Epidemic of 1918-19: Based on Surveys of Families in Certain Localities in the United States following the Epidemics

Collins, Selwyn D.

doi:10.2307/4580139

Cited by 75 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…4,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] A high incidence of infection among young people, multiplied by even a small likelihood of death, can still result in more pediatric deaths, as evident in the 2009 pandemic. A shift in the age distribution back toward a more typical seasonal pattern of disproportionate burden of severe disease in older groups has generally taken several years to occur following other pandemics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of seroprotection against the pandemic (H1N1) virus after the 2009 pandemic

Skowronski¹,

Salway²,

Janjua³

et al. 2010

Canadian Medical Association Journal

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Background: Before pandemic (H1N1) 2009, less than 10% of serum samples collected from all age groups in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia, Canada, showed seroprotection against the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, except those from very elderly people. We reassessed this profile of seroprotection by age in the same region six months after the fall 2009 pandemic and vaccination campaign. Methods:We evaluated 100 anonymized serum samples per 10-year age group based on convenience sampling. We measured levels of antibody against the pandemic virus by hemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization assays. We assessed geometric mean titres and the proportion of people with seroprotective antibody levels (hemagglutination inhibition titre ≥ 40). We performed sensitivity analyses to evaluate titre thresholds of 80, 20 and 10.Results: Serum samples from 1127 people aged 9 months to 101 years were obtained. The overall age-standardized proportion of people with seroprotective antibody levels was 46%. A U-shaped age distribution was identified regardless of assay or titre threshold applied. Among those less than 20 years old and those 80 years and older, the prevalence of seroprotection was comparably high at about 70%. Seroprotection was 44% among those aged 20-49 and 30% among those 50-79 years. It was lowest among people aged 70-79 years (21%) and highest among those 90 years and older (88%). Interpretation:We measured much higher levels of seroprotection after the 2009 pandemic compared than before the pandemic, with a U-shaped age distribution now evident. These findings, particularly the low levels of seroprotection among people aged 50-79 years, should be confirmed in other settings and closer to the influenza season. AbstractPreviously published at www.cmaj.ca Research work. The network has 45 patient service centres distributed across the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. This region is the most densely populated, with 2.5 million of the province's 4.3 million people.7

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of seroprotection against the pandemic (H1N1) virus after the 2009 pandemic

Skowronski¹,

Salway²,

Janjua³

et al. 2010

Canadian Medical Association Journal

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“…These results are similar to previous findings. [33][34][35] It has been suspected that influenza infection is associated with fetal or perinatal mortality. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42] A small epidemiological study by Stanwell-Smith et al 36 suggested that there may be an association between influenza A and fetal death.…”

Section: How Did Winnebago County Fare?mentioning

confidence: 99%

1918 Influenza: A Winnebago County, Wisconsin Perspective

Shors

McFadden²

2009

Clinical Medicine & Research

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“…The 1918±19 pandemic, however, was unique both in its virulence, and the fact that mortality rates were signi®cantly higher among persons less than 65 years of age, with the highest proportion of deaths occurring in the 20±40 year old cohort [43].…”

Section: Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenomenon of excess mortality associated with in¯uenza outbreaks has long been recognised [43,44] and it is well documented that in¯uenza may precipitate death from pneumonia or from underlying medical conditions, particularly cardiovascular or chronic respiratory disease [45,46].…”

Section: Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning for the next pandemic of influenza

Gust

Hampson

Lavanchy³

2001

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Worldwide influenza pandemics have occurred at irregular and unpredictable intervals throughout history and it is confidently expected that they will continue to occur in the future. It is now recognised that these pandemics result when avian influenza A viruses succeed in adaptation to and transmission between humans. The impact of pandemic influenza is substantial in terms of morbidity, mortality and economic cost and there is the potential for serious social disruption. Influenza vaccines remain the most effective defence against influenza but will be in short supply during a pandemic, as will the new specific anti-influenza drugs, due to the lead-time required for production and rapid spread of the virus. To minimise the impact of pandemics it is imperative to maximise the availability of both vaccines and antivirals and to ensure that they are used optimally. This requires planning at both the international and national levels. The World Health Organization has, therefore, developed a staged plan for responding to a pandemic threat which is based principally on its surveillance program. It has also prepared guidelines to assist national agencies in their planning. However, there may be further options for increasing our preparedness which should also be considered.

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Age and Sex Incidence of Influenza and Pneumonia Morbidity and Mortality in the Epidemic of 1928-29 with Comparative Data for the Epidemic of 1918-19: Based on Surveys of Families in Certain Localities in the United States following the Epidemics

Cited by 75 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence of seroprotection against the pandemic (H1N1) virus after the 2009 pandemic

Prevalence of seroprotection against the pandemic (H1N1) virus after the 2009 pandemic

1918 Influenza: A Winnebago County, Wisconsin Perspective

Planning for the next pandemic of influenza

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