Age and sex interactions in gastric cancer incidence and mortality trends in Korea

Abstract

Background The incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have declined rapidly over the past few decades, but reverse trends in the young generation's differential between sexes in some races have been reported in recent years. To investigate whether this divergent trend can be observed in Korea, a country with the highest incidence in the world, age-and sex-specific incidence and mortality trends were evaluated. Methods Gastric cancer incidence data for the years 1999-2010 and mortality data for the years 1983-2012 were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry and National Statistical Office. Annual percentage changes were calculated by age group (20-39, 40-54, 55-69, 70-79) using Joinpoint regression analysis. Furthermore, age-period-cohort analysis was evaluated. Results Overall age-standardized gastric cancer incidence in adults aged between 20 and 79 was declining at a nonsignificant average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -0.2 % in males and -0.4 % in females in Korea during 1999-2010. Mortality was steeper at a significant rate of -4.3 and -5.9 % in males and females, respectively. However, age-specific analysis revealed a flat (males 0.2 %, 95 % CI -0.5-0.6) or increasing incidence trend (females 1.7 %, 95 % CI 0.9-2.5) in the 40-54 age group. APC analysis confirmed the decreasing incidence and mortality trend mainly by the cohort effect. Conclusions The differential pattern between males and females in different age groups suggests a possible effect of detection by screening practice or a signal of the change in epidemiological factors in the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer that warrants further studies.

Gastric Cancer in Young Adults: A Different Clinical Entity from Carcinogenesis to Prognosis

“…In a study performed in the United States, the noncardiac GC incidence per 100,000 person-years among white adults aged 25 to 39 years increased from 0.27 in 1977-1981 to 0.45 in 2002-2006 [11]. In contrast, the trend for ages 20-39 expressed in annual percent change decreased at a rate of -3.7% and -0.8% in males and females, respectively, from 1999 to 2010 in South Korea [12].…”

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Functional Dyspepsia in Korea

“…24 The age-adjusted incidence rates per 100 000 person-year from 1999 to 2010 were 7.40 males and 8.33 females within the ages of 20-39 years, and these increased up to 73.11 males and 35.13 females within the ages of 40-54 years. 25 Data from GLOBOCAN 2012, produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), showed that the age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 for gastric cancer in Korea were 5.7 within the ages of 15-39 years, and it increased to 30 within the ages of 40-44 years. There is no study to evaluate the incidence of gastric cancer by age in patients with dyspepsia in Korea.…”

Immune checkpoints programmed death 1 ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated molecule 4 in gastric adenocarcinoma

“…1 Although improved throughout the last decades, the prognosis is still poor. Whereas the majority of patients with early cancers can be cured by surgery alone, the median overall survival for patients diagnosed in a metastatic stage is less than one year.…”