Age and Sex-Specific Incidence Rates of Group a Streptococcal Pharyngitis Between 2010 and 2018: A Population-Based Study

Mponponsuo, Kwadwo; Church, Deirdre L.; Lu, Shengjie; Viczko, Jeannine; Naugler, Christopher; McDonald, Terrance H.; Dickinson, James A; Somayaji, Ranjani

doi:10.2217/fmb-2021-0077

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In females, the cases occurred more uniformly until the age of 40, whereas in males most cases were in early childhood. Similar observations have recently been reported from a retrospective, register-based study from Canada [ 15 ]. The reasons behind these differences remain unknown and can only be speculated.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Epidemiology and emm types among group A streptococcal pharyngitis in Finland: a prospective laboratory-based study

Virolainen,

Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela,

Rantakokko-Jalava

et al. 2023

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Purpose Streptococcus pyogenes (mostly termed group A Streptococcus - GAS) is the most important bacterial causative of pharyngitis. However, epidemiology of GAS pharyngitis is not widely established. This study describes GAS pharyngitis cases and emm-type distribution in a prospective study covering over 2 years in two Hospital Districts in Finland. Methods A prospective, systematic collection of GAS pharyngitis isolates was conducted between March 2018 and December 2020 in two large Hospital Districts in Finland. Patient characteristics (age, gender) were included if available. All GAS isolates collected were emm typed. Results Altogether 1320 GAS pharyngitis strains were collected, 904 in the Hospital District 1 (HD1) and 416 in Hospital District 2 (HD2). In HD1, age and gender data were available. Females were overrepresented (58% of all cases). In addition, the age and gender distributions were noted to be significantly different (p < 0.0001) with females having a more uniform distribution until age of 40. emm28 was common among the age group of 20–29-year-olds and emm89 in children under 10 years of age, respectively. In HD1, most of the isolates were collected during winter and autumn months. Significant differences by season in the frequency of emm12, emm89, emm75 and group of “others” were observed. Conclusion Age distribution among GAS pharyngitis cases was significantly different between genders (p < 0.0001). In addition, age group specific and seasonal variations in emm GAS types causing the disease were observed. These findings warrant further investigation, especially for understanding population-based spread of GAS even in more detail.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Most of the isolates were cultured during autumn and winter, which is supported by previous studies [15,27]. Interestingly, the prevalence of emm1, emm1.25, emm4 and emm28 were not affected by season.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Epidemiology and emm types among group A streptococcal pharyngitis in Finland: a prospective laboratory-based study

Virolainen,

Gröndahl-Yli-Hannuksela,

Rantakokko-Jalava

et al. 2023

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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“…Lemierre syndrome occurs most frequently in healthy young adults, often males, in the second and third decades [ 2 ]. The reasons for this are unclear but may be due to the frequency of tonsillitis and pharyngitis in this demographic [ 16 ]. Diagnosis of Lemierre syndrome relies on diagnostic for identification of IJV thrombophlebitis, with CT the most common non-plain film modality [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lemierre Syndrome With Streptococcus constellatus Bacteremia

Thomas,

Peterson,

Mazin

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Lemierre syndrome is characterized by thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) secondary to bacterial pharyngitis or tonsillitis. Though antibiotic use has made this a rarer syndrome, it can nevertheless manifest in patients presenting with pharyngitis. Herein, we describe a 20-year-old male patient with no relevant medical history presenting with signs concerning for pneumonia and was ultimately diagnosed with Lemierre syndrome with Streptococcus constellatus bacteremia. Complications included IJV thrombus with presumed septic emboli to the lungs. The patient was discharged on ampicillin/sulbactam with plans to transition to amoxicillin/clavulanate.

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“…Similar to influenza, GAS affected primarily children of 4-9 years. During Season II, GAS was also found among the youngest children (<2 yrs), not typically characteristic for this age group [18]. According to Epic Research, in February 2023, streptococcal tonsillitis increased to a rate nearly 30% greater than the previous peak seen in February 2017.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 96%

Epidemiological changes of acute respiratory infections in children: A single-center experience after COVID-19 lockdown

Stacevičienė,

Ivaškevičienė,

Burokienė

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the epidemiology of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) has continually changed, making it difficult to predict. Our study aimed to evaluate epidemiological changes and clinical outcomes of ARIs in pediatric patients in the post-lockdown period. Methods A single-center retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in one of the largest pediatric emergency departments in Lithuania during two cold seasons–from October 1, 2021, to April 30, 2022 (Season I) and in the same period in 2022–2023 (Season II). Patients under 18 years of age who had been tested for COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. Additional data about other respiratory pathogens in the study group (specifically influenza A/B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and group A Streptococcus (GAS)), were included. Results During both seasons of our study, 19,366 children were screened for COVID-19. Positive tests for COVID-19 decreased from 14.5% in Season I to 5.9% in Season II, while at the same time, the rates of other infections increased significantly: influenza from 17.5% to 27.1%, RSV from 8.8% to 27.6%, and GAS from 8.4% to 44%, respectively. In Season II, COVID-19 infection presented in fewer admissions to pediatric intensive care (0.8% vs. 3.7%, p<0.01) and there were no deaths, while influenza presented in a higher proportion of hospitalizations (10.5% vs. 6.1%, p<0.01) and there was one death. The proportion of RSV hospitalizations also increased in Season II (34.6% vs. 44.0%, p<0.01). Conclusions The early post-lockdown period saw a decline of COVID-19 and re-emergence of influenza, RSV and GAS infections in children. In Season II, COVID-19 cases became milder contrary to influenza. RSV infection contributed significantly to hospitalizations for respiratory infections in children in both seasons, particularly in Season II. Coinfections were not associated with a more severe course of the disease.

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Age and Sex-Specific Incidence Rates of Group a Streptococcal Pharyngitis Between 2010 and 2018: A Population-Based Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Epidemiology and emm types among group A streptococcal pharyngitis in Finland: a prospective laboratory-based study

Epidemiology and emm types among group A streptococcal pharyngitis in Finland: a prospective laboratory-based study

Lemierre Syndrome With Streptococcus constellatus Bacteremia

Epidemiological changes of acute respiratory infections in children: A single-center experience after COVID-19 lockdown

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