Age- and Sex-Specific Prevalences of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Regulation in 13 European Cohorts

Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Lindström, Jaana; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemie, S.; Hiltunen, L.; Kivelä, Sirkka‐Liisa; Gallus, Giuseppe; Garancini, Maria Paola; Schranz, Antoine G.; Bouter, Lex M.; Dekker, Joost; Heine, R.J.; Nijpels, Giel; Pająk, Andrzej; Castell, Conxa; Lloveras, G; Tresserras, Ricard; Pablos-Velasco, P.L. De; Martínez-Martín, Francisco Javier; Rodríguez-Pérez, Fátima; Gabriel, Rafael; Serrano-Ríos, M.; Pladevall, Manel; Muñiz, Javier; Eliasson, Mats; Stegmayr, Birgitta; Lundberg, Vivan; Unwin, Nigel; George, K.; Alberti, M.M.; Hayes, Lee; Borch‐Johnsen, Knut; Eriksson, Johan G.; Qiao, Qing; Hu, Gang; Balkau, Beverley

doi:10.2337/diacare.26.1.61

Cited by 471 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The high proportion of undiagnosed persons with diabetes is comparable to the average of 0.7 obtained from thirteen European studies from the DECODE Study [20] and the one from Denmark [29]. The proportion of undiagnosed persons was higher in men and lower in older and obese individuals, as reported in most studies [18,20,29,30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The proportion of undiagnosed persons was higher in men and lower in older and obese individuals, as reported in most studies [18,20,29,30]. As these data depend on various factors, there might even be as many as 150 undiagnosed patients with DM to every 100 diagnosed individuals with diabetes [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Two-hour value is less reproducible than FBG [18], which is why the methodology used (a questionnaire and FBG) is considered sufficient for epidemiological purposes [13]. It has been shown that FPG alone underestimates the prevalence of diabetes in women and elderly men of European descent [19,20,21]. Hence, without data obtained by OGTT, the obtained prevalence can be hypothesized to be somewhat underestimated [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Croatia

Metelko

Pavlić-Renar

Poljičanin

et al. 2008

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Croatia

Metelko

Pavlić-Renar

Poljičanin

et al. 2008

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice

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“…As noted above, girls are more insulin resistant than boys even after taking anthropometry into account, 15,18,24 and significant differences in physical activity are unable to explain the sex difference in insulin resistance. 24 Diabetes is commoner among male subjects once they enter adulthood, 53 perhaps because they acquire more central fat. However, women are more prone than men to develop diabetes for any given BMI (Figure 2), 54,55 suggesting that although men may be at greater risk of developing diabetes, women are more susceptible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance

Wilkin

Murphy

2006

Int J Obes

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Girls are born lighter than boys. The consistency of this observation across different populations is striking, suggesting that it may have fundamental significance for those conditions linked with lower birth weight, such as diabetes. Previous hypotheses relating low birth weight to subsequent diabetes have addressed differences in insulin resistance within the sexes, not between them. Here, we propose that gender-specific genes affecting insulin sensitivity are responsible for the gender difference in birth weight -the genetically more insulin resistant female fetus is less responsive to the trophic effects of insulin and is therefore smaller. These genes also render female subjects more susceptible to diabetes, explaining why reports of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in younger populations show a female preponderance. Consistent with our proposal, concentrations of insulin and/or its propeptides are higher at birth in female populations and they are intrinsically more insulin resistant throughout life, with attendant impact on their metabolism, and the regressions describing the relationship between insulin resistance and adiposity in female and male subjects have similar gradients, but different constants. These gender-specific genes have a demonstrable impact on fetal growth and insulin resistance. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are thought to be driven by insulin resistance, and the observations reported here may help to focus the search for genes that control it.

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“…The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been rising worldwide due to increasing obesity and decreasing physical activity [1,2]. Diabetes affects 6 to 7% of the Western population [1,2] but is present in as many as 30% of patients hospitalised with acute coronary syndromes, who also have a worse prognosis than patients without diabetes [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Albumin excretion in diabetic patients in the setting of acute myocardial infarction: association with 3-year mortality

Berton¹,

Cordiano²,

Palmieri³

et al. 2004

Diabetologia

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Aims/hypothesis. Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality in subjects with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We aimed to estimate the risk of mortality in AMI patients with and without diabetes using the urinary albumin : creatinine ratio (ACR).Methods. This is a prospective study of 121 consecutive, non-selected diabetic AMI patients, 121 age-and sex-matched non-diabetic AMI patients and 61 diabetic non-AMI outpatients as control subjects. All data were obtained during the first 7 days of hospitalisation and each AMI patient was followed for a period of exactly 3 years. Baseline ACR RIA measurements were made on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days of admission. Results. Adjusted ACR values were significantly higher in the diabetic AMI patients than in the diabetic control outpatients (p<0.0001), and a significant difference was observed between the weekly ACR slopes for these two groups (p<0.0001). Microalbuminuria was more prevalent in the diabetic AMI patients than in the non-diabetic AMI patients on the 1st day (62% vs 46%, p=0.01) and 3rd day (41% vs 29%, p=0.04). Among the AMI patients with normoalbuminuria (ACR <30 µg/mg), the mortality rate was 11.6% for the patients without diabetes and 33.8% for those with diabetes (p=0.001). The mortality rate was much higher among the AMI patients with microalbuminuria (ACR ≥30 µg/mg) and similar for the diabetic (68.0%) and non-diabetic patients (74.3%). In a multivariable Cox model, ACR (p<0.0001) and diabetes status (p=0.01) were associated with adverse outcome even when several other clinical variables were included in the model. Furthermore, a negative interaction was found between diabetes and ACR (p=0.01). Conclusions/interpretation. Microalbuminuria frequently occurs in diabetic and non-diabetic AMI patients during the first 3 days of admission to hospital and can be used to identify subjects at high risk of mortality.

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Age- and Sex-Specific Prevalences of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Regulation in 13 European Cohorts

Abstract: Most European populations have a moderate to low prevalence of diabetes and IGR. Diabetes and IGR will be underestimated in Europe, particularly in women and in elderly men, if diagnoses are based on fasting glucose determination alone.

Cited by 471 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Croatia

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Croatia

The gender insulin hypothesis: why girls are born lighter than boys, and the implications for insulin resistance

Albumin excretion in diabetic patients in the setting of acute myocardial infarction: association with 3-year mortality

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