Age Associated Fluoride Induced Ultra Structural and Biochemical Changes in Rat Brain

Abstract

Materials and Methods AnimalsForty male Rattus norigious, Wistar strain rats of two age groups, young (6 month, weight 182 ± 2.2g, n = 24) and old (24 AbstractFluoride (F) ingestion is well known to be associated with oxidative stress in experimental animals, but the precise mechanism of its toxicity associated with advancing age has not yet been delineate. The present study attempts to assess the learning and memory capacity of rats using water maze test for cognitive functioning. The markers of oxidative stress i.e., Reacting oxygen species (ROS), protein carbonyl content (PC), lipid peroxide levels (LPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in the brain hippocampus of young and aged rats fed with fluoride (100 ppm) with drinking for 90 days. We observed significant changes of fluoride treated young and aged rat as compared with their respective controls. Lipofuscin content was significantly increased in fluoride treated aged rats. Ultra structural studies of the CA1 region in hippocampus of fluoride exposed rats revealed that the changes were more pronounced in the aged treated rats in terms of presence of clustered lipofuscin, vacuolization, lysosomal degradation and nucleolar fragmentation. On the basis of the results it may conclude that fluoride may be linked with neuro lipofuscinogenesis and alteration in neurobehavioral activity and these changes may be responsible for the development of age related disorders. month, weight 466 ± 2.5g, n = 24), were taken from animal house of the NIMS University, Jaipur, India. The animals were separately housed in polypropylene cages in a room, which was maintained at a temperature of 22 ± 2°C, relative humidity of 50 ±10% and 12h light dark cycles. They were fed a commercial pellet diet and allowed access to water ad libitum. The Institutional Animal Ethics Committee approved the study prior to the initiation of the experiment and also approved all experimental protocols. Keywords TreatmentGroups of young (n = 20) and aged (n = 20) animals were randomly divided into two subgroups (n = 10) viz. young control (YC), Young Experimental (YEx) and Old control (OC) and old experimental (OEx). 100 ppm fluoride was given through drinking water to experimental groups of young and old rats for 90 days. Tissue Homogenate PreparationAfter 90 days of Al administration rats were sacrificed their brain were removed and weighed individually. Thereafter, hippocampus was dissected out for biochemical analysis. Ten percent (w/v) homogenate of the frontal cortex was prepared by of York's homogenizer fitted with Teflon plunger in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.1). The whole homogenate was first centrifuged at 2500 x g for 10 minutes in a refrigerated centrifuge. The pellet consisting of nuclear fraction and cell debris was discarded. The supernatant was further centrifuged at 11,000 x g for 15 minutes and mitochondrial fraction was separated. The clear supernatant was further centrifuged at 105,000 x g for 90 m...

Excessive Fluoride in Drinking Water Alters the Trace Metal Ions in the Seminal Plasma

“…Various studies have been documented that fluoride alters the neuronal ultrastructure in animals [11]. It is also evidenced that Excessive Fluoride in drinking water is also affects the cognitive behaviour and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) [12].…”