Age at Diagnosis in Bladder Cancer: Does Opium Addiction Play a Role?

Karbakhsh, Mojgan; Dabbagh, Najmeh; Shabani, Amir; Tabibi, Ali; Akhavizadegan, Hamed

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.8.4723

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In this study male to female ratio was 6.57. Other studies from different parts of Iran also reported this ratio higher than the world's ratio, however, not as high as our results (Yavari et al, 2009, Salehi et al, 2011, Karbakhsh et al, 2013. This difference might more be due to smoking prevalence and exposure to occupational hazards among men (Ahmadi et al, 2012) The mean age of prostate cancer in our study was 68 and it had no significant changes during this study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Mean age of bladder cancer worldwide is above 70 years (median73) and the incidence increases with age (Karbakhsh et al, 2013). In this study the mean age at diagnosis was 66.8±11.5 which was higher than other studies in Iran (Yavari et al, 2009, Karbakhsh et al, 2013. There is no difference between men and women according to the age of diagnosis in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…This pattern of increase in the incidence could be found in Iranian men by reviewing the reports from past years (Yavari et al, 2009), some reason could be due to risk factors such as cigarette smoking, opium consumption, history of excessive analgesic use and hair dye usage (Basiri et al, 2014). Mean age of bladder cancer worldwide is above 70 years (median73) and the incidence increases with age (Karbakhsh et al, 2013). In this study the mean age at diagnosis was 66.8±11.5 which was higher than other studies in Iran (Yavari et al, 2009, Karbakhsh et al, 2013.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Demographic Survey of Four Thousand Patients with 10 Common Cancers in North Eastern Iran over the Past Three Decades

Nikfarjam

Massoudi²,

Salehi³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Demographic Survey of Four Thousand Patients with 10 Common Cancers in North Eastern Iran over the Past Three Decades

Nikfarjam

Massoudi²,

Salehi³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Results varied between 9.5% in the study carried out by Gavam-Nasiri et al [32] among 200 patients in 2002 to 24.9% reported by Karbakhsh et al [29] among 581 patients in 2013. Using random effect model (Q = Heterogeneity chi-squared = 33.2, I-squared = 87.9%, P<0.001), the total prevalence of opium consumption in bladder cancer patients was estimated as 18.06 (95% confidence interval: 12.01–24.09).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Opium and bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the odds ratios for opium use and the risk of bladder cancer

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveThe association between opium use and bladder cancer has been investigated in many studies, with varying reporting results reported. This study aims to estimate the total odds ratio for the association between bladder cancer and opium consumption using meta-analysis.MethodsThe study was designed according to PRISMA guidelines. Two independent researchers searched for the relevant studies using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, OVID, Embase, and Google Scholar. After systematic screening of the studies identified during the first step, Cochrane risk of bias tool was determined for the selected studies. The case-control and the cohort studies were investigated to assess risk of bladder cancer due to opium use. In addition, the cross-sectional studies were analysed separately to assess frequency of opium consumption. These estimates were combined using the inverse variance method. Fixed or random effect models were applied to combine the point odds ratios. The heterogeneity between the primary results was assessed using the Cochran test and I-square index. The suspected factors for heterogeneity were investigated using meta-regression models. An Egger test was conducted to identify any probable publication bias. Forest plots illustrated the point and pooled estimates. All analyses were performed using Stata version 14 software and RevMan version 5.3.ResultsWe included 17 primary studies (11 case-control, one cohort and five cross-sectional) in the final meta-analysis. The total odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for developing bladder cancer by opium use alone, and concurrent use of opium and cigarettes were estimated as 3.85 (3.05–4.87) and 5.7 (1.9–16.3) respectively. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for opium use with or without cigarette smoking was estimated as 5.3 (3.6–7.7).ConclusionThis meta-analysis showed that opium use similar to cigarette smoking and maybe with similar mechanisms can be a risk factor for bladder cancer. It is therefore expected to be a risk factor for other cancers.

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“…4% (150,200) of the estimated cancer deaths annually worldwide . Bladder is the major cancer sites for males in Jordan (Ismail et al, 2013); and with an age-specific incidence rate of about 11.2/100,000, BC is also the fifth most common cancer among men in Iran (Karbakhsh et al, 2013). The etiology and carcinogenesis of BC is unclear, but smoking, especially opium abusing simultaneously (Shakhssalim et al, 2010), is thought to be a major risk factor followed by occupational exposure (Zeegers et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Association Between CYP1A1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Bladder Cancer: a Meta-analysis

Zhang²,

Xie³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: The effects of CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms on the risk of bladder cancer (BC) remain controversial. We carried out a meta-analysis to clarify the role of CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms in BC. Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted up to November 20, 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of the association. Meta-regression, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also performed. Results: Eight studies involving 1,059 BC cases and 1,061 controls were included. The meta-analysis showed that there was no significant association between the two common mutations of CYP1A1 and BC risk. For the I1e462Val A/G polymorphism with GG vs. AA the OR was 1.47 (95 % CI= 0.70-3.07, P =0.308). For the MspI T/C polymorphism, though a slight trend was found this was not statistically nonsignificant (CC vs.TT, OR = 1.24, 95 % CI= 0.98-1.58, P =0.078). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity also found no obvious association between CYP1A1 and BC risk. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggests that CYP1A1 polymorphism is not associated with bladder cancer risk.

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Age at Diagnosis in Bladder Cancer: Does Opium Addiction Play a Role?

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Demographic Survey of Four Thousand Patients with 10 Common Cancers in North Eastern Iran over the Past Three Decades

Demographic Survey of Four Thousand Patients with 10 Common Cancers in North Eastern Iran over the Past Three Decades

Opium and bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the odds ratios for opium use and the risk of bladder cancer

Lack of Association Between CYP1A1 Polymorphisms and Risk of Bladder Cancer: a Meta-analysis

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