Age at Starting Smoking and Number of Cigarettes Smoked in Catalonia, Spain

Fernández, Esteve; Schiaffino, Anna; Vecchia, Carlo La; Borrás, Josep María; Nebot, Manel; Saltó, Esteve; Tresserras, Ricard; Rajmil, Luís; Villalbȷ, Joan R; Segura, Andreu

doi:10.1006/pmed.1998.0433

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Also, it is legal to sell tobacco to adolescents of younger ages in other countries. It has been found in a recent study in Spain that early initiation to smoking was positively correlated with higher intake later in adulthood (Fernandez et al 1999). Adolescent smokers may have a limited history of nicotine use, but they do take in physiologically active doses of nicotine and show defined withdrawal effects upon cessation, demonstrating the importance of nicotine in the maintenance of smoking at an early age even when smoking is intermittent (McNeill et al 1986;Corrigall et al 2001;Zack et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adolescent-onset nicotine self-administration modeled in female rats

et al. 2003

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Adolescent-onset nicotine self-administration modeled in female rats

et al. 2003

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“…In 2002, 15.2% of youth (age 12-17 years) reported use of tobacco products; more than 30% of these individuals reported smoking cigarettes daily (SAMHSA, 2002). Initiation of smoking during adolescence is associated with higher daily consumption of cigarettes (Chen and Millar, 1998;Everett et al, 1999;Fernandez et al, 1999) and lower probability of quitting in adulthood (Chen and Millar, 1998). Consequently, the earlier an individual starts, the more likely they will become a lifelong smoker (Rigotti, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition of Nicotine Self-Administration in Adolescent Rats Given Prolonged Access to the Drug

Chen

Matta

Sharp

2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

105

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As most human tobacco use begins during adolescence and ongoing development of the adolescent central nervous system could affect acquisition of nicotine self-administration (SA), our established rat SA procedure was modified to study adolescent acquisition of SA with prolonged access to nicotine (23 h/day). Postnatal age 43-45 female Lewis rats, without prior shaping, conditioning, or food deprivation, were housed in operant chambers equipped with two levers; pressing the active lever triggered an i.v. injection of nicotine. By the 10th day of SA, rats receiving 7.5, 15, 30, or 60 mg/kg/injection nicotine (free base) obtained 23716, 5078, 6578, or 4875 injections (mean7SE), respectively. In the 30 mg/kg/injection group, active : inactive ratio was greater than 2 after SA day 4; 92% of injections occurred during the 12-h active (dark) phase of the light cycle. Main effects (analysis of variance) were shown for day and lever (ie active vs inactive) (po0.001). Adolescent males showed similar dose-dependent nicotine SA. With the increasing workload imposed by raising the fixed ratio (FR), less nicotine was self-administered at FR 5 and 7 compared to FR 1 and 3. In comparison to adult females selfadministering 30 mg/kg/injection of nicotine at FR 1, adolescents acquired nicotine SA at an accelerated rate (po0.05) and received a greater number of injections (po0.05) by day 10. In conclusion, when given prolonged access to the drug, both female and male adolescent Lewis rats rapidly acquire nicotine SA within the dosage range and FR constraints previously observed in adult Lewis rats. However, adolescent females acquired the behavior more rapidly and attained higher levels of stable nicotine SA than adults.

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“…Youth smoking is also important given that those who begin smoking at an earlier age are more likely to become dependent and have greater difficulty quitting as an adult. [11][12][13][14] At the moment, there is relatively little data with which to monitor patterns of youth smoking in Thailand and Malaysia; however, available data suggests that smoking among youth may be on the rise in both countries. In Thailand, the prevalence of smokers aged 15 to 24 appears to have increased a modest amount in recent years, 15,16 whereas, in Malaysia, smoking among youth and young adults has increased more dramatically: a study conducted in 1996 with 16-year-olds reported that 25% of men and 1% of women smoked-a 67% increase in the number of teenage smokers over the previous 10 years.…”

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Patterns of Smoking Among Adolescents in Malaysia and Thailand: Findings From the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey

Hammond

Kin

Prohmmo

et al. 2008

Asia Pac J Public Health

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At present, 70% of the world's 1.1 billion smokers are in developing countries, with over 50% in Asia alone. The current study examined patterns of youth smoking in Thailand and Malaysia. Respondents were 2002 youths between the ages of 13 and 17 from Thailand (n = 1000) and Malaysia (n = 1002). Respondents were selected using a multistage cluster sampling design and surveyed between January 2005 and March 2005. Approximately 3% of youth between the ages of 13 and 17 were current smokers, with an additional 10% to 12% reporting experimental smoking. Males were between 7 and 15 times more likely to report smoking behavior than females. Less than 1% of females respondents in either country met the criteria for current smoking, and less than 5% met the criteria for experimental smoking. In contrast, more than 50% Thai males and approximately one-third of Malaysian males aged 17 met the criteria for either experimental or current smoking. Keywords smoking; tobacco use; youthTobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death among adults worldwide. 1 Currently, 1 in 10 adults die from tobacco use, and the health toll is increasing: by 2030, the number of tobacco-related deaths is predicted to double to approximately 10 million per year. 2,3 Although the prevalence of smoking among most Western countries has been in steady decline for more than a decade, smoking rates continue to rise in many developing countries. 4 Currently, 70% of the world's 1.1 billion smokers are in developing countries, Address correspondence to: David Hammond, PhD, Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; dhammond@uwaterloo.ca. HHS Public AccessAuthor manuscript Asia Pac J Public Health. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 October 14. Published in final edited form as:Asia Pac J Public Health. 2008 ; 20(3): 193-203. doi:10.1177/1010539508317572. Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript with over 50% in Asia alone. 3 As a consequence, the health and economic burden of tobacco use is rapidly shifting from high to low and middle income countries.Asia is an, especially, important region for global tobacco control given its large population and the trajectory of smoking rates in the region. Out of 500 million smokers in Asia, the vast majority is males, and smoking remains relatively rare among females. In most countries, the smoking rate among males approaches or exceeds 50%, whereas less than 5% of females smoke. 4 However, this gender gap is projected to narrow, extrapolating from historical trends in Western countries. The prevalence of smoking among Asian women is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades, particularly as the presence of multinational tobacco companies continues to grow in the region. 5Two Asian countries, Thailand and Malaysia, illustrate different stages of tobacco control in this critical region. For more than a decade, Thailand has served as a model for tobacco control in Asia. Thailan...

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Age at Starting Smoking and Number of Cigarettes Smoked in Catalonia, Spain

Cited by 45 publications

References 13 publications

Adolescent-onset nicotine self-administration modeled in female rats

Adolescent-onset nicotine self-administration modeled in female rats

Acquisition of Nicotine Self-Administration in Adolescent Rats Given Prolonged Access to the Drug

Patterns of Smoking Among Adolescents in Malaysia and Thailand: Findings From the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey

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