Age-based analysis of choroidal thickness and choroidal vessel diameter in primary open-angle glaucoma

Abstract

We aimed to assess choroidal thickness and vessel diameter in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using enhanced depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT) with age-based analysis. Fifty-four patients with a confirmed diagnosis of POAG and 44 age-sex matched healthy subjects were included into the study. A masked physician performed measurements of largest choroidal vessel diameter and choroidal thicknesses (subfoveal, nasal, and temporal) using EDI OCT. Subgroup analyses were performed to compare choroidal measurements based on age (with a cut point of 70 years). The study cohort comprised 54 patients with POAG (mean age of 63.2 ± 8.8 years) and 44 healthy control subjects (mean age of 62.9 ± 8.5 years) (P = 0.870). We found no significant differences in terms of choroidal measurements (P > 0.05) between the glaucoma and control groups. However, in the glaucoma group, patients with an age ≥70 years had significantly thinner subfoveal and nasal choroid compared to those of the patients with <70 years of age (P = 0.017, 0.002 respectively). In the control group, choroidal thickness and vessel measurements showed no significant difference when the subjects were subgrouped according to the age cut point (P > 0.05). Choroidal thickness and vessel caliber seem not to differ between patients with POAG and healthy controls. However, an age ≥70 years might be associated with thinning in subfoveal and nasal choroid in patients with POAG. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether choroidal thinning is a cause or result in POAG.

Choroidal Round Hyporeflectivities in Geographic Atrophy

“…They have been found in 42% of eyes (21 out of 50, mean 1.38 per eye) and appeared on structural OCT B-scan as round / oval hyporeflectivities, typically delimited by hyperreflective border characterized by backscattering, and localized both in Haller and in Sattler layers (Figs 1 and 2). They had diameters comparable to choroidal vessels [16–19] (67.7±29.0 μm in our series), from which choroidal round hyporeflectivities were easily distinguished. In fact, choroidal vessels beneath GA, typically appear as slightly hyperreflective, because of the presence of blood (regularly flowing inside), with highly reflective borders representing the vessel wall in a thinner choroid.…”

The Eye As a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease

“…It also has limited application in the detection of age-related macular degeneration (Pilotto et al, 2015; Yiu et al, 2015) and glaucoma (Li et al, 2015; Toprak et al, 2016). Again, spatial mapping of choroidal thicknesses in relation to RNFL thinning may reveal specific areas of the eye that are more specific for Alzheimer's disease.…”

Behold the Eye in Parkinson's Disease & Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Whilst better segmentation algorithms are already available to overcome the current limitations, the biggest challenge is that choroidal thinning undergoes significant diurnal fluctuations (Kinoshita et al, 2016) and its thinning is seen in many other conditions, including aging (Barteselli et al, 2012), myopia (Ho et al, 2013), uveitis (Baltmr et al, 2014), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Ozcimen et al, 2016). It also has limited application in the detection of age-related macular degeneration (Pilotto et al, 2015;Yiu et al, 2015) and glaucoma (Li et al, 2015;Toprak et al, 2016). Again, spatial mapping of choroidal thicknesses in relation to RNFL thinning may reveal specific areas of the eye that are more specific for Alzheimer's disease.…”