Age Changes in Articular Cartilage of Rabbits

Barnett, C. H.; Cochrane, W. A.; Palfrey, A. J.

doi:10.1136/ard.22.6.389

Cited by 96 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Presence of this lipid in the matrix could be because of either the chondrocyte disintegration or the shedding of the cytoplasmic processes of healthy chondrocytes, while Aigner et al stated that extensive cell debris with in the lacuna may be a result of technical artifact but did not completely exclude the possibility of the appearance of this cell debris due to cell death. [21][22][23] Presence of lipid around healthy cells and long cytoplasmic processes extending into the lipid aggregates in control group suggests that this lipid results from the detachment of the tips of such processes as described by Ghadially et al 22 In the present study multiple extracellular lipid deposits and cell contents were also present around the disintegrating chondrocytes in the osteoarthritic cartilage and appeared to be extending out from the lacuna into the matrix. This suggests that extracellular lipid is also produced by in situ disintegration of chondrocytes.…”

Section: 9supporting

confidence: 54%

Ultrastructure of Chondrocytes in Osteoarthritic Femoral Articular Cartilage

Goyal¹,

Gupta

Joshi

2015

Kathmandu Univ. Med. J.

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BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common problem in elderly, but it is not an inevitable feature of ageing. About 80-90% of individuals of both sexes have radiographic evidence of OA by the time they reach an age of 65. But not all of them have the symptoms like pain and decreased joint motion. ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was conducted to find out whether the osteoarthritic changes in human articular cartilage are similar to the ageing process or not. MethodsFemoral articular cartilage specimens obtained from 13 osteoarthritic patients (52-80years) undergoing total knee replacement and 9 cadavers of same age group (50-80years) (control) were processed and studied under electron microscope. The ultrastructure of the cartilage from the two groups was compared with each other. ResultsUnder the electron microscope, articular cartilage from control group had chondrocytes having a secretary cell characteristic with prominent nucleus and well developed organelles. In osteoarthritic cartilage, degenerating or necrotic chondrocytes were found. Nuclei of these chondrocytes appeared lobulated or indented. Chondrocytes below the fibrillated surface had dilated and irregular endoplasmic reticulum. Electron dense lipid deposits in the extracelluar matrix as well as intracytoplasmic glycogen deposits were much increased in osteoarthritic cartilage as compared to the control group. Amount of perinuclear intracytoplasmic fine filaments was also increased in the chondrocytes of osteoarthritic cartilage. ConclusionUltrastructural findings of the osteoarthritic articular cartilage were much different from the ageing non-osteoarthritic cartilage. Hence, OA should be considered a specific process and not simply an inevitable feature of ageing.

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Section: 9supporting

confidence: 54%

Ultrastructure of Chondrocytes in Osteoarthritic Femoral Articular Cartilage

Goyal¹,

Gupta

Joshi

2015

Kathmandu Univ. Med. J.

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“…Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies of human (18,22,24,(53)(54)(55), guinea pig (26), mouse (23,56,57), and rabbit (17,19) articular cartilage have confirmed this pattern ( Figures 4A, 4B, and 5). I n the immediate vicinity of cells, collagen fibrils sweep in capsular fashion about the lacunae ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Diagram Of the Fibrous Architecture Of Human Articular Cartimentioning

confidence: 54%

“…T h e diameter of the microfibrillar unit in articular cartilage varies with the species, the age of the individual, and the depth of cartilage. In general these collagen fibril diameters vary from 10 nm to over 100 nm (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26). T h e typical banded pattern associated with collagen microfibrils results from the quarter stagger of the individual collagen molecules.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of articular cartilage collagen research

Lane

Weiss

1975

Arthritis & Rheumatism

148

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Recent advances in collagen methodology have now permitted a detailed investigation of this major structural protein of articular cartilage. Collagen structure, metabolism, antl morphology have been extensively studied in "soft" connective tissues (1,Z). Tlie difficulty of collagen extraction from cartilage and bone has prevented its characterization in "hard" connective tissues until recently (3). Since September 3, 1974; accepted May 5, 1975. in the rapidly progressing field of articular cartilage collagen research.Articular cartilage is a highly specialized connective tissue consisting of relatively small numbers of cells distributed throughout abundant extracellular matrix. T h e biophysical properties of articular cartilage that allow joints to serve as bearings in locomotion are in part related to tlie unique composition of tlie extracellular matrix. Collagen constitutes approximately 10% of the wet and 50y0 of the dry weight of cartilage (5). Noncollagenous material constitutes approximately the other 507, of the dry mass of articular cartilage matrix, of which the bulk is in the form of heterogenous proteoglycan complexes (6). Rather than being a single compound, the proteoglycans comprise multiple compounds that differ from each other in their sulfate content, amino acicl sequence of the peptide core, glycosaminoglycan composition, and side chain length.T h e biomaterial properties of the cartilage are a consequence of the interaction of the collagen and proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix. T h e chain extensions of the proteoglycans antl the electrostatic charges provide the molecular basis for consequent mechanical matrix stiffness (7). Tlie inability of the sulfate moieties to diffuse away from the glycosaminoglycan side chains influences the partition of water and diffusible electrolytes (8,9). T h e interaction of the proteoglycan with collagen is necessary for them to behave like gels (7). Whether the interaction is chem-

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“…Current knowledge of these larger irregularities has been thoroughly reviewed by Gardner & McGillivray (1971) and, more recently, by Bloebaum & Radley (1995). A second type of roughness includes much smaller irregularities visible by TEM at magnifications between 5000 and 60 000 times (Silberberg et al 1961 ;Barnett et al 1963 ;Weiss et al 1968 ;Bullough & Goodfellow, 1971 ;Stanescu & Leibovitch, 1982 ;Jurvelin et al 1985 ;Laver-Rudich & Silbermann, 1985 ;Orford & Gardner, 1985). At these magnifications, the surface usually appears rough and this roughness increases with age and\or degeneration.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

The surface contour of articular cartilage in an intact, loaded joint

et al. 1999

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The friction coefficients measured in diarthrodial joints are small. Theories of joint lubrication attribute this efficiency to entrapment or movement of synovial fluid, yet anatomical models of the surface are based on studies of isolated fragments of cartilage, not functional joints. To investigate the functional interrelationship of joint surfaces and synovial fluid, the ultrastructure of loaded joints was examined. Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbit knee joints were loaded either statically or moved ex vivo using simulated muscle forces and then plunge-frozen under load. After fixation in the frozen\loaded state by freeze-substitution fixation, the medial joint compartments were embedded in epoxy resin while still articulated. Bone was trimmed away from the articular surfaces, permitting the cartilage to be sectioned for light and electron microscopy. These joint surfaces were then compared with controls which were not loaded, not moved or had been disarticulated prior to embedding. Articular surfaces of loaded joints were smooth at magnifications from i35 to i7500, whereas the tibial surfaces of nonloaded joints were irregular. Small pools of joint fluid were observed at the meniscal edge and beneath the anterior horn of the meniscus. At magnifications of i40 000, the joint surfaces were separated by a uniform 100 nm space containing fluid. An amorphous, electron dense articular surface lamina was present but, when loaded, was thicker and flatter than previously reported. No surface pits or bumps were visible in embedded, loaded joints. This is the first ultrastructural study of intact loaded joints. The findings suggest that fluid film lubrication is present in diarthrodial joints, but the fluid sequestration postulated in several models is not apparent.

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Age Changes in Articular Cartilage of Rabbits

Cited by 96 publications

References 14 publications

Ultrastructure of Chondrocytes in Osteoarthritic Femoral Articular Cartilage

Ultrastructure of Chondrocytes in Osteoarthritic Femoral Articular Cartilage

Review of articular cartilage collagen research

The surface contour of articular cartilage in an intact, loaded joint

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