Age-dependant behavioral strategies in a visual search task in baboons (Papio papio) and their relation to inhibitory control.

Fagot, Joël; Bonté, Elodie; Hopkins, William D.

doi:10.1037/a0026385

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Age variations in performance were similar between the TI task and in an adaptation of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) measuring cognitive flexibility (Bonté et al, 2011 ). This contrasts previous results from a task requiring motor inhibitory control (Fagot et al, 2011 ). Therefore, these findings suggest that cognitive flexibility was a central component of the cognitive system that evolved within non-human primates.…”

contrasting

confidence: 99%

“…This effect is clearly demonstrated in Fagot et al (2011; Experiment 2). In this study, baboons of different ages had to inhibit ongoing manual pointing toward a target stimulus as a consequence of a change in target location.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…On the other hand, the developmental profile of tasks requiring motor inhibition suggests a developmental profile different from the WCST. This effect is clearly demonstrated in Fagot et al ( 2011 ; Experiment 2). In this study, baboons of different ages had to inhibit ongoing manual pointing toward a target stimulus as a consequence of a change in target location.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Age effects on transfer index performance and executive control in baboons (Papio papio)

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reversal performance in the transfer index (TI) task is known to improve from prosimians to apes, suggesting that this task is a marker of cognitive evolution within the primate taxa (Rumbaugh, 1970). However, the cognitive processes recruited by this task remain unclear. In the present study, 19 socially-housed baboons (Papio papio) from 1.6 to 14.3 years of age were tested on a computerized version of the TI task, using an automated self-testing procedure. Age was a significant factor in the level of success, with the younger baboons outperforming the adults. The younger baboons learned the pre-reversal discrimination faster and improved their post-reversal performance more rapidly than adult baboons. As 17 of these baboons had already been tested in previous studies on inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility tasks, comparison across tasks provide indicators of the underlying cognitive processes. Age variations in performance were similar between the TI task and in an adaptation of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) measuring cognitive flexibility (Bonté et al., 2011). This contrasts previous results from a task requiring motor inhibitory control (Fagot et al., 2011). Therefore, these findings suggest that cognitive flexibility was a central component of the cognitive system that evolved within non-human primates. They also implicate a decline in executive control with age that begins during early adulthood in this baboon species.

show abstract

contrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Age effects on transfer index performance and executive control in baboons (Papio papio)

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Such difficulties to switch to former unrewarded stimuli, rather than inability to overcome inhibition, have also been suggested by Powers (1989) . Bonté, Kemp, and Fagot (2014) have suggested that inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility might involve different cognitive processes, since studies on age-dependent advancements of inhibitory control ( Fagot, Bonté, & Hopkins, 2013 ) contradict age-related decline in cognitive flexibility ( Bonté, Flemming, & Fagot, 2011; Bonté et al., 2014 ). Furthermore, since the age-dependent patterns in a reversal learning task ( Bonté et al., 2014 ) resembled those in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task ( Bonté et al., 2011 ), Bonté et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The advantage of objects over images in discrimination and reversal learning by kea, Nestor notabilis

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies investigating the same paradigm but employing different methods are often directly compared in the literature. One such paradigm used to assess behavioural flexibility in animals is reversal learning. Commonly, these studies require individuals to learn the reward contingency of either solid objects presented on the ground or images presented on a touchscreen. Once learned, these contingencies are swapped. Researchers often refer to trials required to reach learning criteria from different studies, to compare the flexibility of different species, but rarely take methodological differences into account. A direct evaluation of the validity of such comparisons is lacking. To address this latent question, we confronted kea, an alpine parrot species of New Zealand and known for its behavioural flexibility, with a standard reversal learning paradigm on the touchscreen and a standard reversal learning paradigm with solid objects. The kea required significantly more trials to reach criterion in the acquisition and the reversal on the touchscreen. Also, the absolute increase in the number of trials required for the reversal was significantly greater on the touchscreen. This indicates that it is not valid to compare learning speed across studies that do not correspond in the addressed methodology. Taking into account the kea's ecology and explorative nature we discuss stimulus abstraction (limited depth cues and tactile stimulus feedback) and the spatial relation between reward and stimulus on the touchscreen as possible causes for decreased inhibition in this condition. Contrary to the absolute increase in number of trials required for the reversal, the increase in relation to the acquisition was greater with solid objects. This highlights the need for further research on the mechanisms involved causing methodology-dependent differences, some of which we discuss, in order to increase the validity of interpretations across studies and in respect to the subject's ecology.

show abstract

“…Research with monkeys trained to perform visual search tasks has been useful for distinguishing the neural systems associated with controlled versus data‐driven attention scanning . Behavioral research with nonhuman primates using the visual‐search paradigm has also been informative, indicating the spatial or object‐based information used to guide attention (e.g., Refs ), the role of inhibitory control, and the consequences of competition between bottom–up and top–down search cues . For example, how is search performance affected when there is a singleton, pop‐out distractor stimulus in the array?…”

Section: Executive Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primate cognition: attention, episodic memory, prospective memory, self‐control, and metacognition as examples of cognitive control in nonhuman primates

Beran

Menzel

Parrish

et al. 2016

WIRES Cognitive Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Primate Cognition is the study of cognitive processes, which represent internal mental processes involved in discriminations, decisions, and behaviors of humans and other primate species. Cognitive control involves executive and regulatory processes that allocate attention, manipulate and evaluate available information (and, when necessary, seek additional information), remember past experiences to plan future behaviors, and deal with distraction and impulsivity when they are threats to goal achievement. Areas of research that relate to cognitive control as it is assessed across species include executive attention, episodic memory, prospective memory, metacognition and self-control. Executive attention refers to the ability to control what sensory stimuli one attends to and how one regulates responses to those stimuli, especially in cases of conflict. Episodic memory refers to memory for personally experienced, autobiographical events. Prospective memory refers to the formation and implementation of future-intended actions, such as remembering what needs to be done later. Metacognition consists of control and monitoring processes that allow individuals to assess what information they have and what information they still need, and then if necessary to seek information. Self-control is a regulatory process whereby individuals forego more immediate or easier to obtain rewards for more delayed or harder to obtain rewards that are objectively more valuable. The behavioral complexity shown by nonhuman primates when given tests to assess these capacities indicates psychological continuities with human cognitive control capacities. However, more research is needed to clarify the proper interpretation of these behaviors with regard to possible cognitive constructs that may underlie such behaviors.

show abstract

Age-dependant behavioral strategies in a visual search task in baboons (Papio papio) and their relation to inhibitory control.

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Age effects on transfer index performance and executive control in baboons (Papio papio)

Age effects on transfer index performance and executive control in baboons (Papio papio)

The advantage of objects over images in discrimination and reversal learning by kea, Nestor notabilis

Primate cognition: attention, episodic memory, prospective memory, self‐control, and metacognition as examples of cognitive control in nonhuman primates

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About