Age dependent accumulation of cadmium in the human ovary

Varga, B; Zsolnai, B; Paksy, Katalin; Náray, Miklós; Ungváry, G

doi:10.1016/0890-6238(93)90228-y

Cited by 83 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…High cadmium accumulation is reported in the ovary of sheep (Bíre‰ et al 1991). Cadmium levels in the ovary increase linearly between 30 and 60 years of age in women (Varga et al 1993). Oedema of ovarian tissue, which is probably caused by vascular changes and also by low molecular weight of cadmium-and zinc-binding proteins present in the ovaries, which are not metallothionein is described.…”

Section: Discusssionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Cadmium on Ultrastructure and Steroidogenesis in Cultured Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells

Massányi¹,

Uhrín²,

Sirotkin³

et al. 2000

Acta Vet. Brno

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Massányi P., V. Uhrín, A. V. Sirotkin, K. Paksy, Zs. Forgács, R. Toman, J. Kováãik: Effects of Cadmium on Ultrastructure and Steroidogenesis in Cultured Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Acta Vet. Brno 2000, 69: 101-106. Cadmium is an environmental risk factor having various toxic effects both in animals and in humans. The aim of this study was to study its effects on the structure and function of porcine ovarian granulosa cells cultured in vitro.Ultrastructure of granulosa cells was studied after 48 h of culture with (0.2, 10 and 20 ng CdCl 2 /ml) of without cadmium using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Quantification of progesterone and 17-β-oestradiol was performed directly from aliquots of the media from control and treated cells by radioimmunoassay (RIA).After cadmium administration cell membranes were disintegrated. It was manifested by occurrence of vacuoles in the cytoplasm.The vacuoles contained fibrillar or membranous material. The Golgi complex rarely remained intact. Increased number of lysosomes was detected. With increasing cadmium concentrations the number of lipid droplets increased. In some cells the changes were less evident and dense mitochondria with distinct membranes were found. In other cell types the amount of mitochondrial matrix increased and that of membranes decreased. Some mitochondria fused with lysosomes. The endoplasmic reticulum rarely remained intact, and its dilation was well visible on transverse sections. Nuclei with distinct heterochromatin at the nuclear membrane were often observed. In these nuclei perinuclear cistern was dilated. Less frequently nuclei with condensed chromatin reminiscent of pyknosis were observed. Some nuclei had dispersed fine granular chromatin. In other cells changes were less evident, and comprised condensed chromatin in the central part of nuclei. These structural changes of granulosa cells exposed to cadmium were related to premature luteinization of these cells. In the evaluation of steroidogenesis we found that cadmium induced an increase in progesterone production, and a decrease in 17-β-oestradiol production by ovarian granulosa cells; however, these differences were not significant. The results of our study elucidate some of the effects of cadmium on gonadal function, and should also serve to increase the level of awareness of its effects on human and animal health.

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Section: Discusssionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the human ovary cadmium levels increase linearly between 30 and 65 years of age, from 0.03 to 1.3 mg/kg wet weight (Varga et al 1993). A significant (6.73-7.93 µg/ml) amount of cadmium was measured in human ovarian follicular fluid (Zenzes et al 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cadmium on Ultrastructure and Steroidogenesis in Cultured Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells

Massányi¹,

Uhrín²,

Sirotkin³

et al. 2000

Acta Vet. Brno

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“…In addition, the industrial emission particularly from metal refining industries [2] has resulted in increased accumulation of Cd in the environment. Cd commonly exists in +2 state and has a long biological half-life of 15-30 years [3], mainly due to its low rate of excretion from the body, and accumulates in blood, kidney, and liver as well as in the reproductive organs [4][5][6]. Hence, it has elicited diverse toxic effects and caused nephrotoxicity, carcinogenity, teratogenicity, endo-crine, and immune toxicities [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Cadmium Exposure-Induced Ovotoxicity Delays Puberty through Oxidative Stress and Impaired Steroid Hormone Levels

Samuel¹,

Stanley

Princess³

et al. 2011

J. Med. Toxicol.

104

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Cadmium (Cd), an environmental pollutant, has been shown to be highly toxic to both humans and animals. Its widespread industrial use has led to its accumulation in the environment. Cd has been shown to target multiple organs following acute intoxication, causing nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, osteotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Cd can cross the placental barrier and cause a wide range of defects during fetal development. The current study was aimed to assess the effect of Cd on the female reproductive system. Female rats were exposed to Cd [50/200 ppm] from embryonic day 9 to 21 through drinking water. Serum steroid hormone concentrations, hematological parameters, antioxidant enzyme levels, and ovarian histopathology were described. Water consumption, gravid uterine/body weight decreased in both the doses of Cd-treated dams. The hematological parameters analyzed in rat pups showed a significant reduction in both doses of Cd studied, while hemoglobin showed a significant reduction in 200 ppm Cd treatment alone. MCHC levels did not show any variation in 50 ppm Cd treatment, while 200 ppm Cd treatment significantly increased. Specific activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and serum testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone were significantly decreased. The levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation were increased in 50 and 200 ppm Cd-treated rats. These changes were accompanied with disrupted ovarian histoarchitecture, an extended estrous cycle, and delayed pubertal onset in Cd-treated rats. The data generated from the present study suggest that gestational Cd treatment induces ovarian toxicity and reproductive dysfunction through increased oxidative stress.

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“…The biological half life of cadmium in humans is long ranging from 7 to 26 years in kidney and 3 to 4 months in blood. Due to its low rate of excretion, cadmium accumulates over time in the kidneys, liver, semen, ovaries, and placenta [Akinloye et al 2006;Ronco et al 2005;Varga et al 1993] with a preference for male reproductive organs [Danielsson et al 1984]. The cadmium level to which the general population is exposed has been estimated in a representative, population-based survey of the general USA population [CDC 2005].…”

Section: Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Effects of Low Level Heavy Metal Exposure on Male Reproductive Function

Wirth

Mijal

2010

Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine

245

164

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Lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic, often referred to as ''heavy metals'', are toxic for wildlife, experimental animals, and humans. While experimental animal and human occupational studies with high exposure levels generally support an adverse role for these metals in human reproductive outcomes, information on the effects of low, environmentally-realistic exposure levels of these metals on male reproductive outcomes is limited. We review the literature on effects of exposure to low levels of these metals on measures of male fertility (semen quality and reproductive hormone levels) and provide supporting evidence from experimental and occupational studies. Potentially modifying effects of genetic polymorphisms on these associations are discussed. A brief review of the literature on the effects of three trace metals, copper, manganese, and molybdenum, that are required for human health, yet may also cause adverse reproductive effects, follows. Overall, there were few studies examining the effects of exposure to low levels of these metals on male reproductive health. For all metals, there were several well-designed studies with sufficient populations appropriately adjusted for potential confounders and many of these reported harmful effects. However, many studies lacked sufficient numbers of participants to be able to detect differences in outcomes between exposed and non-exposed individuals, did not clearly identify the source and characteristics of the participants, and did not control for other exposures that could alter or contribute to the outcomes. The evidence for the effects of low exposure was strongest for cadmium, lead, and mercury and less certain for arsenic. The potential modifying effects of genetic polymorphisms has not been fully explored. Additional studies on the reproductive effects of these toxic ubiquitous metals on male reproduction are required to expand the knowledge base and to resolve inconsistencies.

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Age dependent accumulation of cadmium in the human ovary

Cited by 83 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Cadmium on Ultrastructure and Steroidogenesis in Cultured Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells

Effects of Cadmium on Ultrastructure and Steroidogenesis in Cultured Porcine Ovarian Granulosa Cells

Gestational Cadmium Exposure-Induced Ovotoxicity Delays Puberty through Oxidative Stress and Impaired Steroid Hormone Levels

Adverse Effects of Low Level Heavy Metal Exposure on Male Reproductive Function

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