Age-Dependent Acquired Protection against Plasmodium Falciparum in People Having Two Years Exposure to Hyperendemic Malaria

Baird, J. Kevin; Jones, Trevor R.; Danudirgo, Emon W.; Basri, Purnomo Hasan; Masbar, S; Annis, Barry; Bangs, Michael J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1991.45.65

Cited by 173 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…That adults in our study remained negative for a longer period may be explained by a number of factors, one of which may be induction of an age-dependent acquired immunity. [38][39][40][41][42][43] The results of a study in Burkina Faso are similar to those presented herein. Esposito and others 20 reported that among 28-year-old adults, there was 0% P. falciparum prevalence at the beginning of the transmission season in June and approximately 10% at the end of the rainy season in November.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Identification of a subpopulation of immune Nigerian adult volunteers by antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum.

Nwagwu

Anumudu²,

Sodeinde³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Collections of human sera from malaria-endemic areas would be valuable for identifying and characterizing antigens as malaria vaccine candidates if the contributing serum donors' ability to resist infection were fully characterized. We prepared such a serum collection from 26 apparently immune Nigerian adults who failed to develop patent parasitemia for at least 20 weeks following a documented increase in antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) from Plasmodium falciparum. Volunteers were evaluated five times per week for malaria symptoms and bimonthly for parasites by examining thick blood smears. The incidence rate over 13 months for the cohort was 42% (47 malaria-confirmed volunteers) and the risk of infection was 1.3 infections/year. Responses to CSP did not correlate with protection. Because antibody responses to antigens other than CSP may be associated with protection, the sera from these immune individuals may be useful for identifying and characterizing other potential malaria vaccine candidates.Malaria, particularly that caused by Plasmodium falciparum, remains one of the most serious diseases in the world, endangering infant and early childhood development in many tropical regions lacking the resources to implement thorough and widespread control programs. With the emergence of insecticide-resistant Anopheles mosquitoes and of drug-resistant P. falciparum, the prospect of human survival in malaria-endemic areas has become increasingly grave. Hope for successful control of malaria seems to lie in a concerted multi-pronged approach that includes environmental and continued vector control methods, combined with an appropriate use of anti-malarial drugs and continued efforts towards the development of malaria vaccines.Antigens from several developmental stages of P. falciparum are being evaluated for inclusion in a malaria vaccine, 1-11 with circumsporozoite protein (CSP) from the sporozoite stage and merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) from the erythrocytic stage 12-17 receiving the most attention. Antibody responses to the central repeat region of the CSP have been studied in several malaria-endemic areas. Some investigators concluded that anti-CSP antibodies were protective, 18-20 while others did not. [21][22][23] Adult sera from malaria-endemic areas have been used in a number of clinical [24][25][26] studies to show that antibody can passively transfer protection against erythrocytic stage infections. Such sera have also found application in defining parasite antigens for inclusion in a malaria vaccine. 27-30 Sera such as these should be most valuable for the purpose of antigen discovery and characterization if the relative immune status of the donors were known.In the absence of detectable erythrocytic stage parasites, one method for assessing if a person living in an area of endemic malaria has been exposed to P. falciparum sporozoites is to measure boosting of the levels of the anti-CSP antibodies. Gordon and others 31 assumed that a two-fold or greater increase in antibody leve...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Identification of a subpopulation of immune Nigerian adult volunteers by antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum.

Nwagwu

Anumudu²,

Sodeinde³

et al. 1998

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…We previously conducted epidemiological studies of Javanese migrants to hyperendemic Indonesian Papua that supported this view [19,20]. Defining the cellular and molecular basis of agedependent clinical immunity may guide approaches to inducing adult-like protection from P. falciparum in children [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Adult Javanese migrants to Indonesian Papua at high risk of severe disease caused by malaria

Baird¹,

Basri

Weina³

et al. 2003

Epidemiol. Infect.

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Migrants from Java arrive in hyperendemic Papua, Indonesia lacking exposure to endemic malaria. We evaluated records of evacuation to hospital with a diagnosis of severe malaria from a transmigration village in northeastern Papua. During the first 30 months, 198 residents with severe disease were evacuated (7·5 evacuations/100 person-years). During this period the risk of evacuation for adults (>15 years of age) was 2·8. (95% CI=2·1–3·8; P<0·0001) relative to children, despite apparently equal exposure to risk of infection. Relative risk (RR) for adults was greatest during the first 6 months (RR>16; 95% CI[ges ]2·0–129; P=0·0009), and diminished during the second 6 months (RR=9·4; 95% CI=2·7–32·8; P<0·0001) and the third 6 months (RR=3·7; 95% CI=1·7–7·9; P=0·0004). During the next two 6-month intervals, the RR for adults was 1·6 and 1·5 (95% CI range 0·8–2·6; P<0·18). Adults lacking chronic exposure were far more likely to progress to severe disease compared to children during initial exposure, but not after chronic exposure to infection.

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“…Despite widespread efforts to implement antimalarial drugs, bed nets and vector control, the worldwide toll of malaria is undiminished [2]. Natural immunity to malaria, acquired after multiple episodes of malaria, does not prevent parasitemia, but does limit disease severity and death [3,4]. A blood stage vaccine that accelerates the acquisition of such immunity to P. falciparum malaria would offer enormous benefit to the public health, particularly for infants and children living in endemic areas who suffer the most morbidity and mortality due to malaria [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase 1 randomized double-blind safety and immunogenicity trial of Plasmodium falciparum malaria merozoite surface protein FMP1 vaccine, adjuvanted with AS02A, in adults in western Kenya

Stoute

Gombe

Withers

et al. 2007

Vaccine

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randomized double-blind safety and immunogenicity trial of Plasmodium falciparum malaria merozoite surface protein FMP1 vaccine, adjuvanted with AS02A, in adults in western Kenya" (2007 AbstractWe report the first trial of candidate malaria vaccine antigen FMP1, a 42 kDa fragment from the C-terminus of merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) from the 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, in an endemic area. Forty adult male and female residents of western Kenya were enrolled to receive 3 doses of either FMP1/AS02A or Imovax ® rabies vaccine by intra-deltoid injection on a 0, 1, 2 month schedule. Thirty-seven volunteers received all three immunizations and 38 completed the 12-month evaluation period. Slightly more recipients of the FMP1/AS02A vaccine experienced any instance of pain at 24 h post-immunization than in the Imovax ® group This document is a U.S. government work and is not subject to copyright in the United States. J. A. Stoute et al. / Vaccine 25 (2007) 176-184 177 (95% versus 65%), but otherwise the two vaccines were equally safe and well-tolerated. Baseline antibody levels were high in both groups and were boosted in the FMP1/AS02A group. Longitudinal models revealed a highly significant difference between groups for both the average post-baseline antibody responses to MSP-1 42 (F 1,335 = 13.16; P < 0.001) and the Day 90 responses to MSP-1 42 (F 1,335 = 16.69; P < 0.001). The FMP1/AS02A vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adults and should progress to safety testing in children at greatest risk of malaria. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Age-Dependent Acquired Protection against Plasmodium Falciparum in People Having Two Years Exposure to Hyperendemic Malaria

Cited by 173 publications

References 0 publications

Identification of a subpopulation of immune Nigerian adult volunteers by antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum.

Identification of a subpopulation of immune Nigerian adult volunteers by antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum.

Adult Javanese migrants to Indonesian Papua at high risk of severe disease caused by malaria

Phase 1 randomized double-blind safety and immunogenicity trial of Plasmodium falciparum malaria merozoite surface protein FMP1 vaccine, adjuvanted with AS02A, in adults in western Kenya

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