Age‐dependent and gender‐dependent antibody responses against <scp>SARS‐CoV</scp>‐2 in health workers and octogenarians after vaccination with the <scp>BNT162b2 mRNA</scp> vaccine

Terpos, Evangelos; Trougakos, Ioannis P.; Apostolakou, Filia; Charitaki, Ioanna; Sklirou, Aimilia D.; Mavrianou, Nefeli; Papanagnou, Eleni‐Dimitra; Liacos, Christine‐Ivy; Gumeni, Sentiljana; Rentziou, Gianna; Korompoki, Eleni; Papassotiriou, Ioannis; Dimopoulos, Meletios A.

doi:10.1002/ajh.26185

Cited by 150 publications

(161 citation statements)

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“…Afterwards, the peak of the neutralizing capacity seems to have been reached at day 42 (i.e., 613 AU/mL) and a slight but non-significant decrease was observed at day 56 (527 AU/mL), which could be explained by the natural clearance of antibodies via excretion or mostly via catabolism [ 48 ]. Terpos et al obtained similar findings using the cPass™ sVNT from GenScript [ 46 ]. All participants were considered positive 7 days after the second dose.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…NAbs were measured at baseline, i.e., just before the administration of the first dose, and at 14, 28, 42 and 56 days. So far, few reports have investigated the neutralizing response in vaccinated subjects [ 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] and they mainly included few participants, only investigating the effect of the first dose [ 42 , 43 , 45 ], or did not include previously infected individuals [ 46 ]. In our study, a significant increase in NAb titers was seen after the first dose (i.e., a 5.1- and a 31.1-fold increase in uninfected and previously infected individuals, respectively) in all participants ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19 Patients and Vaccine Recipients after Two Doses of BNT162b2

Favresse

Gillot

Chiaro

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The evaluation of the neutralizing capacity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is important because they represent real protective immunity. In this study we aimed to measure and compare the neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in COVID-19 patients and in vaccinated individuals. One-hundred and fifty long-term samples from 75 COVID-19 patients were analyzed with a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and compared to six different SARS-CoV-2 serology assays. The agreement between the sVNT and pseudovirus VNT (pVNT) results was found to be excellent (i.e., 97.2%). The NAb response was also assessed in 90 individuals who had received the complete dose regimen of BNT162b2. In COVID-19 patients, a stronger response was observed in moderate–severe versus mild patients (p-value = 0.0006). A slow decay in NAbs was noted in samples for up to 300 days after diagnosis, especially in moderate–severe patients (r = −0.35, p-value = 0.03). In the vaccinated population, 83.3% of COVID-19-naive individuals had positive NAbs 14 days after the first dose and all were positive 7 days after the second dose, i.e., at day 28. In previously infected individuals, all were already positive for NAbs at day 14. At each time point, a stronger response was observed for previously infected individuals (p-value < 0.05). The NAb response remained stable for up to 56 days in all participants. Vaccinated participants had significantly higher NAb titers compared to COVID patients. In previously infected vaccine recipients, one dose might be sufficient to generate sufficient neutralizing antibodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19 Patients and Vaccine Recipients after Two Doses of BNT162b2

Favresse

Gillot

Chiaro

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Two studies evaluated the total levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies, including both IgM and IgG, after vaccine administration [ 14 , 15 ]. Salvagno et al showed that age and sex were independent predictors of antibody levels [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, they found an inverse association between total anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody levels and age as well as male sex. Similarly, Terpos et al found that females had higher levels of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies than males in octogenarian vaccine recipients [ 15 ]. In our study, we evaluated IgG anti S-RBD by an automatic platform based on chemiluminescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Antibodies after COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: The evaluation of anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) antibodies represents a useful tool to estimate the individual protection against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; (2) Methods: We evaluated anti S-RBD IgG levels by indirect chemiluminescence immunoassay on Maglumi 800 (SNIBE, California) in 2248 vaccinated subjects without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, 91 vaccinated individuals recovered from COVID-19, and 268 individuals recovered from COVID-19 who had not been vaccinated. Among those who were healthy and vaccinated, 352 subjects performed a re-dosing after about 72 days from the first measurement. (3) Results: Anti S-RBD IgG levels were lower in subjects with previous infection than vaccinated subjects, with or without previous infection (p < 0.001). No difference was observed between vaccinated subjects, with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, anti-RBD IgG levels were higher in females than males (2110 vs. 1341 BAU/mL; p < 0.001) as well as in subjects with symptoms after vaccination than asymptomatic ones (2085 vs. 1332 BAU/mL; p = 0.001) and lower in older than younger subjects. Finally, a significant decrease in anti-RBD IgG levels was observed within a short period from a complete two-dose cycle vaccination. (4) Conclusions: Our results show an efficacy antibody response after vaccination with age-, time- and sex-related differences.

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“…Terpos et al also observed higher titers of neutralizing antibodies in women 22 and 50 days following first dose of the BNT612b2 vaccine. Of note, these observations concerned only octogenarians and the authors did not use a multivariable model adjusting the impact of sex for the effect of other variables, as we did [ 21 ]. More follow-up studies are, therefore, needed to analyze if this difference between genders is confirmed or not, and eventually if it increases over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confounding Factors Influencing the Kinetics and Magnitude of Serological Response Following Administration of BNT162b2

et al. 2021

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Background: Little is known about potential confounding factors influencing the humoral response in individuals having received the BNT162b2 vaccine. Methods: Blood samples from 231 subjects were collected before and 14, 28, and 42 days following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination with BNT162b2. Anti-spike receptor-binding-domain protein (anti-Spike/RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were measured at each time-point. Impact of age, sex, childbearing age status, hormonal therapy, blood group, body mass index and past-history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection were assessed by multivariable analyses. Results and Conclusions: In naïve subjects, the level of anti-Spike/RBD antibodies gradually increased following administration of the first dose to reach the maximal response at day 28 and then plateauing at day 42. In vaccinated subjects with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, the plateau was reached sooner (i.e., at day 14). In the naïve population, age had a significant negative impact on anti-Spike/RBD titers at days 14 and 28 while lower levels were observed for males at day 42, when corrected for other confounding factors. Body mass index (BMI) as well as B and AB blood groups had a significant impact in various subgroups on the early response at day 14 but no longer after. No significant confounding factors were highlighted in the previously infected group.

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Age‐dependent and gender‐dependent antibody responses against SARS‐CoV‐2 in health workers and octogenarians after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine

Cited by 150 publications

References 6 publications

Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19 Patients and Vaccine Recipients after Two Doses of BNT162b2

Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19 Patients and Vaccine Recipients after Two Doses of BNT162b2

Evaluation of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 S-RBD IgG Antibodies after COVID-19 mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine

Confounding Factors Influencing the Kinetics and Magnitude of Serological Response Following Administration of BNT162b2

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