Age-dependent associations of human milk oligosaccharides with body size and composition up to 4 years of age

The role of maternal secretor status and human milk oligosaccharides on early childhood development: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Weight gain was reported as weight z score or weight for age z score in 10/19 studies. The following studies found positive associations between HMOs and weight gain: 2’FL [30,43,54], 3FL [30,38,43], 3’SL [18,30,38,43], LNnT [35], LNFP II [38], DFLac [30,43,54], LST b [38], LNH [41], DFLNH [43], DSLNH [38], DFLNT [43], and negative associations for 3’SL [31,32], 6’SL [43], LNnT [30,32,54], LNFP II [35], LNH [31], LNFP I [17], LST b [30], LST c [18], DFLNH [54], DSLNT [32,35], FDSLNH [31].…”

“…The second metric, height gain, was reported in 12/19 studies as either weight for length z score, length for age z score, or height for age z score. The following HMOs had a positive correlation with height gain: 2’FL [30,31,47,48], 3FL [43], 3’SL [39,43], LNnT [39], LST-a [49,51], DFLNH [41,43,51], and DFLNT [43] while a negative correlation was linked with: 3FL [52], 3’SL [46], 6’SL [49], LNnT [30,39,43,46], LNT [31,39], LNFP I [39,47], LNFP II [32], LST b [30,31,49], and FLNH [39].…”

“…The third infant growth metric was head growth which was reported in 7/19 studies as either head circumference for age z score or head circumference z score. This metric which also serves as an index of cognitive development and was positively correlated with the following HMOs: 2’FL [31], 3’SL [51,54], 6’SL [48], LNFP III [46], LST-a [49], DFLac [54], and negatively correlated with 6’SL [49,51], LNFP III [18], LNFP I [18], DFLNH [54], LST b [49], and DSLNH [31].…”

“…Table 1 summarizes the sociodemographic and HMO data from the 27 studies that were included in this review. The selected studies were conducted in 21 countries: Australia [31,43]; Bangladesh [53]; Brazil [36,50]; China [32,41]; Denmark [54]; Finland [30]; France [48]; Gambia [18]; Germany [39]; Kenya [42]; Malawi [47,51]; Netherlands [44]; Philippines [52]; Singapore [33]; Spain [40]; Sweden [49]; and USA [17,34,35,37,38,45]. In addition, there was one European Union study involving milk samples collected from France, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Sweden [46].…”

The Role of Maternal Secretor Status and Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Early Childhood Development: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…MM and HK downloaded the full texts of the remaining 69 articles and reviewed them for eligibility. At this point, 42 articles were removed from consideration because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving only 27 articles in the systematic review: [17,18,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]30,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Additionally, 12 studies that compared HMO concentrations in secretors and non-secretor mothers were included in the meta-analysis [30,31,42,43,48,[33][34][35][36][38][39][40][41].…”