Age Determination in Dogs and Cats

Sutton, Lerah; Byrd, Jason; Brooks, John

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67175-8_11

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Before euthanasia, the cats were labelled, weighed and classified by sex and age. The age of the cats was determined using dentition structure (Sutton et al, 2018) while body score condition was assessed using the method described previously (Burkholder, 2000).…”

Section: Post-mortemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline platynosomiasis in Klang Valley, Malaysia: Diagnosis, pathology and management

Nur-Amalina¹

2022

Trop Biomed

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Platynosomum fastosum (synonym Platynosomum concinnum, Platynosomum illiciens) is a hepatic fluke causing platynosomiasis or 'lizard poisoning' in cats. This disease is generally being underestimated by veterinary practitioners due to lack of awareness and difficulty in diagnosis although the severe cases of platynosomiasis could be fatal. This study was designed to detect the presence of cat liver fluke through faecal examination among cats kept in shelters, pet cats and stray cats around Klang Valley, Malaysia. The detection of liver flukes among stray cats was based on post-mortem examination. A total of 201 faecal samples were collected from eight shelters (n = 119) and five veterinary clinics (n = 82) in Klang Valley were subjected to simple floatation and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques for ova detection. P. fastosum ova were identified in three faecal samples obtained from shelters (2.52%) and three samples collected from veterinary clinics (3.66%) by faecal examination. A total of 51 stray cats were procured from Pest and Animal Control Unit of the respective municipality. The cats were euthanised and necropsied to collect liver samples and bile duct. The liver was then dissected for isolation and identification of the fluke and bile duct fluid were aspirated for detection of fluke ova. Twelve cats (23.5%) were positive for P. fastosum and ova were found in their bile. Macroscopically, affected cats showed mottled liver (33.3%), distended gall bladder with thick tenacious bile (66.7%) that microscopically exhibited hepatic steatosis (25.0%) and hepatitis (33.3%). The severity of parasite load was almost equally distributed between the positive cats with low (n = 5, 55.6%; > 125 adult fluke) and high parasite burden (n = 4, 44.4%; < 125 adult fluke) cats, respectively. This study revealed the detection of P. fastosum among pet, shelters and stray cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia.

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Section: Post-mortemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline platynosomiasis in Klang Valley, Malaysia: Diagnosis, pathology and management

Nur-Amalina¹

2022

Trop Biomed

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“…The most commonly advised age estimation methods for living dogs are the inspection of dental eruption in puppies and the determination of the epiphysial union of the long bones in growing dogs (Arnall, 1961; Gesierich et al., 2015; Habermehl, 1975; Modina et al., 2019; Sutton et al., 2018; Broeck & Cornillie, 2020; Yonamine et al., 1980). In full‐grown dogs, these methods are no longer usable; therefore, other techniques have to be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age estimation in young dogs by radiographic assessment of the canine pulp cavity/tooth width ratio

Broeck

Stock

Vermeiren

et al. 2022

Anat Histol Embryol

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Age determination in dogs is important in many disciplines. For instance, in veterinary clinical practice, knowledge of the exact age of a dog can contribute to establishing a (better) differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment (Gesierich et al., 2015;Tobias et al., 2000).In zooarchaeology, estimating the age at death of dogs on (bony) remains can give clues in understanding the process of their domestication and the roles dogs played in past societies (Nomokonova et al., 2020). Forensic age estimation, particularly of dogs involved in trade, is yet another application that is gaining more and more importance (Modina et al., 2019;Broeck & Cornillie, 2020). Finally, the adoption of foreign stray dogs is becoming very popular in many Western European countries (Norman et al., 2020). Knowledge of their age can be important for population management (FAO, 2014) and in assessing trainability and longevity after adoption (Tobias et al., 2000;Wells & Hepper, 2000).The most commonly advised age estimation methods for living dogs are the inspection of dental eruption in puppies and the determination of the epiphysial union of the long bones in grow-

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“…For example, Marti & Ryser‐Degiorgis (2018) compared tooth wear for 140 free‐ranging Eurasian lynx ( Lynx lynx ) of known‐age, placing animals into six age classes with reasonable confidence. A caveat with any tooth wear measure is that the amount of damage will be strongly dependent on the animal’s diet (Sutton, Byrd & Brooks 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sutton, Byrd and Brooks (2018) recorded fusion of growth plates (physeal closure) for various components of the post‐cranial skeleton in 50 known‐age Felis catus (the authors note that their ages were approximate). While fusion for most of the skeleton is complete by 12 months of age, a few long bones (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While fusion for most of the skeleton is complete by 12 months of age, a few long bones (e.g. proximal end of the humerus, distal end of the radius and ulna) remain open up to 18–24 months (Sutton, Byrd & Brooks 2018); cats older than two years would therefore not be distinguishable using this method. Occlusion of cranial sutures shows a more protracted development (Thrall & Robertson, 2011) and could therefore be useful to age adult Felis catus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nine ways to score nine lives – identifying appropriate methods to age domestic cats (Felis catus)

et al. 2021

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Accurate determination of chronological age for cats (Felis catus) permits assessment of age at reproduction and growth measures, whilst understanding survivorship enables modelling of population dynamics underpinning many management questions. At present, the relative accuracy of different measures has not been compared, especially in relation to ageing live cats, where options are more limited. We tested relationships between nine ageing methods using a large database of 384 unowned, free‐roaming cats culled as part of wildlife conservation and unowned cat management. Cat heads were cleaned and scored for tooth eruption, development of the canines (root closure, length and width; proportion of pulp determined by radiography), canine tooth cementum lines, tooth wear (canine tip sharpness and breakage, or absence of the P2), diastema distance and closure of two cranial sutures. Tooth eruption is informative for cats up to about 8 months of age and closure of the canine root up to 12 months. In adults with closed‐rooted canine teeth, only the cementum lines and cranial sutures varied; these two sets of measures were strongly correlated. We conclude by developing a predictive table for ageing cat specimens using tooth and skull features. Animals can be aged reliably over the lifespan of the animal from cadaver material, potentially adding valuable information to ecological studies where cats are culled. However, there is no way to reliably age live cats over approximately 8 months of age in the field, after which time full adult dentition is established. Similarly, radiography (to determine pulp volume) has limited use as an ageing tool for cats older than 1–2 years of age. This reduces the number of potential applications for live cats, including, for example, ageing unowned cats in trap–neuter–release programmes.

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Age Determination in Dogs and Cats

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

Feline platynosomiasis in Klang Valley, Malaysia: Diagnosis, pathology and management

Feline platynosomiasis in Klang Valley, Malaysia: Diagnosis, pathology and management

Age estimation in young dogs by radiographic assessment of the canine pulp cavity/tooth width ratio

Nine ways to score nine lives – identifying appropriate methods to age domestic cats (Felis catus)

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