Age-Development in the Linear Representation of Words and Objects

Symbolic forms and cognition

“…Reference is not given). On the other hand, some studies (Honkavaara, 1961;Nathan and Hass, 1970) found that it is only alder age groups that have consistently manifested physiognomic sensitivity. In arder to resolve the apparent contradiction between studies of children's capacity to appreciate and produce metaphoric language, Gardner (1974) tested a wide range of age groups.…”

The development of comprehension of physiognomic metaphor in photographs

“…It is not clear then that young children are less able to make physiognomic attributions in all tasks and in different media. Nonetheless, those language studies (Nathan & Hass, 1970) that have looked at age increases in physiognomic reponding, report an increase from 4 to 10 years in consensus among children as to which line drawings represent given words. The result is attributed by Nathan & Hass (1970) to synesthetic tendencies to touch the lines, to feel which are 'softer', or to smell the drawings to determine which are more 'fragrant'.…”

“…Nonetheless, those language studies (Nathan & Hass, 1970) that have looked at age increases in physiognomic reponding, report an increase from 4 to 10 years in consensus among children as to which line drawings represent given words. The result is attributed by Nathan & Hass (1970) to synesthetic tendencies to touch the lines, to feel which are 'softer', or to smell the drawings to determine which are more 'fragrant'. It is more likely, however, that during preschool and school age years there is increasing integration of information from visual and verbal channels to account for the superior performance of older children (Reznick, 1977, p. 159).…”