Age Differences in Performance on Two Versions of the Brown-Peterson Task

Floden, Darlene; Stuss, Donald T.; Craik, Fergus I. M.

doi:10.1076/anec.7.4.245.795

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, unlike younger adults, older adults exhibited a sizable testing effect on both the control items ($ 9%) and the consistent items ($ 10%), though neither comparison showed a statistically significant testing effect, possibly because of power issues (observed powers < .35), both ps > .10, but both p rep s > .79. One possible reason that older adults demonstrated a greater (though nonsignificant) testing effect than younger adults is that older adults might forget information at a faster rate (Floden, Stuss, & Craik, 2000), and the testing effect is typically more robust after forgetting has set in. (See Table 1 for probabilities of ''other' ' and ''no answer'' responses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recalling a Witnessed Event Increases Eyewitness Suggestibility

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

People's later memory of an event can be altered by exposure to misinformation about that event. The typical misinformation paradigm, however, does not include a recall test prior to the introduction of misinformation, contrary to what real-life eyewitnesses encounter when they report to a 911 operator or crime-scene officer. Because retrieval is a powerful memory enhancer (the testing effect), recalling a witnessed event prior to receiving misinformation about it should reduce eyewitness suggestibility. We show, however, that immediate cued recall actually exacerbates the later misinformation effect for both younger and older adults. The reversed testing effect we observed was based on two mechanisms: First, immediate cued recall enhanced learning of the misinformation; second, the initially recalled details became particularly susceptible to interference from later misinformation, a finding suggesting that even human episodic memory may undergo a reconsolidation process. These results show that real-life eyewitness memory may be even more susceptible to misinformation than is currently envisioned.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recalling a Witnessed Event Increases Eyewitness Suggestibility

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…O Teste Brown-Peterson é utilizado para avaliar a memória operacional e a capacidade de processamento de informação por meio da retenção de poucos itens num curto período de tempo (Folden, Stuss, & Craik, 2000;Spreen & Strauss, 1998). Estudos recentes de neuroimagem têm evidenciado que regiões do córtex pré-frontal são responsáveis pela manipulação e manutenção da informação por um curto período de tempo, e que estas regiões estão envolvidas nos processos de codificação e recuperação da memória episódica (Daselaar, Veltman, Rombouts, Raaijmakers, & Jonker, 2003;Nyberg et al, 2003;Ranganath, Johnson, & D´Esposito, 2003).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Relações entre controle executivo e memória episódica verbal no comprometimento cognitivo leve e na demência tipo Alzheimer

Hamdan

Bueno

2005

Estud. psicol. (Natal)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Este estudo comparou e relacionou o desempenho de idosos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve e Demência Tipo Alzheimer em testes de controle executivo e de memória episódica verbal. Para a avaliação da memória episódica verbal utilizamos a Tarefa de Recordação de Palavras Imediata e a Tarefa de Recordação de Palavras com Intervalo. Na avaliação do controle executivo foram utilizados, os seguintes testes: Random Number Generation, Trail Making Test, Fluência Verbal semântica e fonológica, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Reading Span Test e Brow-Peterson Test. Treze idosos do grupo controle foram equiparados quanto à idade e escolaridade com nove idosos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve e oito idosos com Demência Tipo Alzheimer. Foram encontradas diferenças e associações estatisticamente significantes em relação aos testes de controle executivo entre os grupos investigados. Apesar da presença de associações significativas entre a memória episódica verbal e o controle executivo, não foram evidenciados déficits do controle executivo nos idosos com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve.

show abstract

“…In this paradigm, the term "serial position" refers to the presented word pairs such that the first serial position refers to the first word pair and so forth. It was assumed that the last two pairs of a list depended on working memory for recall, whereas the more temporally remote first three word pairs depended on a longer-term episodic memory system for successful encoding and retrieval (Madigan & McCabe 1971;Craik & Lockhart 1972;Floden et al 2000). *…”

Section: Memory In Noisy Backgroundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To extract the signal, listeners first have to segregate the noise from the target (stream segregation; Bregman 1990), a process that has been shown to require attention when complex sounds are involved (Snyder & Alain 2005;Alain & McDonald 2007). Transferring information from working memory to a more stable and long-lasting (Craik & Lockhart 1972;Craik 1983;Floden et al 2000) episodic memory also requires attentional resources (Craik 2002). If resources are limited, either because of older age or because part of the same resources are involved in segregating the target words from babble background, recall from the first three serial positions can be expected to suffer first.…”

Section: Memory In Noisy Backgroundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Presentation Level on Memory Performance

Heinrich

Schneider

2011

Ear &Amp; Hearing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: A loss of speech intelligibility at high presentation levels is called rollover. It is a phenomenon that increases in prevalence as people age. Whether the adverse effect of high presentation levels extends to processes subsequent to speech intelligibility, such as memory, is unknown. The present study examined this question on the basis of the previous finding that older but not younger adults showed memory impairment when acoustically distorted words were presented at 50 dB SL compared with an undistorted baseline presented at 65 dB SPL. One question investigated in the present study was whether a presentation level of 50 dB SL put older listeners at the cusp of rollover and whether this subsequently impaired memory. Moreover, we wanted to know whether and at what level it was possible to induce a similar impairment in younger listeners. Design:We used a paired-associate memory paradigm in which five word pairs per list were presented at a rate of 4 secs per word pair. After each list, the first word of one of the pairs was presented again and the listener was asked to recall the second word. Over the course of the experiment, all list positions were tested an equal number of times. The word pairs, which were acoustically distorted using a jittering algorithm, were presented at 40 dB SL to all younger and older participants and just below an uncomfortably loud level for younger listeners only. Intelligibility of the distorted words was equated across age groups for each presentation level. The effect of presentation level on memory performance was investigated and compared with data of a previous study that used the same design but presented the distorted and undistorted words at 50 dB SL to both age groups. A total of 58 younger and 24 older adults were tested in two experiments. Results:The results showed that for older adults, memory performance for distorted words was decreased in all list positions at a presentation level of 50 dB SL compared with 40 dB SL and an undistorted 65 dB SPL baseline. This effect did not occur for younger listeners. However, when younger adults were tested at a very high presentation level, they showed the same memory decrease compared with the baseline as older adults showed for 50 dB SL. Conclusions:A high presentation level of distorted words can adversely affect memory even after intelligibility is equated for. Moreover, older listeners are affected at lower presentation levels. Hence, the choice of sound level, particularly for older listeners, is important and may affect their level of cognitive performance beyond its effects on intelligibility. Higher presentation levels may not always lead to better performance when the task involves recall of words previously heard.

show abstract

Age Differences in Performance on Two Versions of the Brown-Peterson Task

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Recalling a Witnessed Event Increases Eyewitness Suggestibility

Recalling a Witnessed Event Increases Eyewitness Suggestibility

Relações entre controle executivo e memória episódica verbal no comprometimento cognitivo leve e na demência tipo Alzheimer

The Effect of Presentation Level on Memory Performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About