Age effect on components of episodic memory and feature binding: A virtual reality study.

Plancher, Gaën; Gyselinck, Valérie; Nicolas, Serge; Piolino, Pascale

doi:10.1037/a0018680

Cited by 126 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The WWW test explicitly requires the ability to bind spatiotemporal features. This binding process has been shown to be specifically affected by the aging process and is predictive of selfreported everyday memory impairment in a way that individual what, where, and when elements, as well as word-list FR, are not (Plancher et al 2010). By contrast, the UQ/SM task explicitly requires the ability to reanalyze previous experiences for new information, something not required by the other tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do different tests of episodic memory produce consistent results in human adults?

Cheke

Clayton

2013

Learn. Mem.

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A number of different philosophical, theoretical, and empirical perspectives on episodic memory have led to the development of very different tests with which to assess it. Although these tests putatively assess the same psychological capacity, they have rarely been directly compared. Here, a sample of undergraduates was tested on three different putative tests of episodic memory (What-Where-When, Unexpected Question/Source Memory, and Free Recall). It was predicted that to the extent to which these different tests are assessing the same psychological process, performance across the various tests should be positively correlated. It was found that not all tests were related and those relationships that did exist were not always linear. Instead, two tests showed a quadratic relationship, suggesting the contribution of multiple psychological processes. It is concluded that not all putative tests of episodic cognition are necessarily testing the same thing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do different tests of episodic memory produce consistent results in human adults?

Cheke

Clayton

2013

Learn. Mem.

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“…Recent studies in humans have shown that WWW memories are reliably reported as "remembered" rather than "known" (Holland and Smulders 2011;Easton et al 2012;Cheke and Clayton 2013) and are correlated with, but distinct from, free recall performance Clayton 2013, 2015;Mazurek et al 2015). However, evidence for aging effects using WWW is mixed (Plancher et al 2010(Plancher et al , 2012Mazurek et al 2015).The treasure-hunt task further differs from other episodic memory tests because the encoding period allows individuals to "hide" items themselves . This is significant because agentic involvement in the encoding of items aids recollection (Plancher et al 2012) and gets closer to memory encoding in everyday life (one does not passively observe the location of one's keys, but actively places them).…”

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confidence: 93%

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What–where–when memory and encoding strategies in healthy aging

Cheke

2016

Learn. Mem.

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Older adults exhibit disproportionate impairments in memory for item-associations. These impairments may stem from an inability to self-initiate deep encoding strategies. The present study investigates this using the "treasure-hunt task"; a whatwhere-when style episodic memory test that requires individuals to "hide" items around complex scenes. This task separately assesses memory for item, location, and temporal order, as well as bound what-where-when information. The results suggest that older adults are able to ameliorate integration memory deficits by using self-initiated encoding strategies when these are externally located and therefore place reduced demands on working memory and attentional resources.In everyday life, it is often only when remembered elements of information are integrated into a single memory that they are functionally useful. You may know that you have met someone before, but if you do not remember the context-"where" and "when" you met them-you cannot be said to know "who they are." Normal aging is thought to affect memory for these various types of information differently, and to have a particular impact on memory integration (Spencer and Raz 1995;Kessels et al. 2007;Blachstein et al. 2012). There are two main theories as to the source of these deficits. In the "associative deficit hypothesis" Naveh-Benjamin (2000) argues older adults are less able to create and retrieve links between single units of information (Chalfonte and Johnson 1996;Naveh-Benjamin 2000;Naveh-Benjamin et al. 2007). In contrast, the "hyperbinding hypothesis" (Campbell et al. 2010(Campbell et al. , 2014 suggests that older adults may be unable to down-regulate attention to irrelevant information, instead dispersing their attention across other information in the study environment that is spatially (e.g., other things in the scene) or temporally (e.g., the previous trial) close to target items. As such the correct associations are encoded, but associations are also encoded between distractor items or irrelevant environmental features, making retrieval of the target information more difficult. Both theories suggest that these impairments may be exacerbated by a failure to adopt appropriate encoding strategies. There is considerable evidence that reduced working memory resources among older adults restrict the formation of deep encoding operations, resulting in a failure to carry out "self-initiated" encoding strategies (Salthouse and Babcock 1991;Salthouse 1996;Craik and Rose 2012). However, older adults are able to benefit from encoding strategies if instructed to engage in them (Logan et al. 2002;Morcom et al. 2003).Classical neuropsychological tools used to assess episodic memory in aging often fail to encompass the complexity of memory as it is experienced in everyday life (Piolino et al. 2009). Furthermore, episodic memory is generally assessed with verbal tasks, while most everyday memories concern visual and action information. The present study uses a what-where -when-style memory test (the treasure-hunt tas...

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“…Recent advances have made it possible to overcome the limitations of standard laboratory tasks by implementing M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 4 virtual reality (VR), where the subject is immersed in a virtual environment and interacts with it by acting on its components. Specifically, VR enables laboratory situations close to daily life yet allowing experimental control, and has already been successfully used to address issues regarding for instance spatial navigation (Doeller, et al, 2012, Grasso, et al, 2000 and episodic memory (Matheis, et al, 2007, Plancher, et al, 2013, in healthy or diseased aged subjects (Plancher, et al, 2010, Plancher, et al, 2012. To this day, the few behavioral studies that have used VR to examine PM (Canty, et al, 2014, Kalpouzos, et al, 2010, Sweeney, et al, 2010 concur that by providing an analogue of controlled everyday situations, VR may offer better insights into PM either in normal or brain-damaged subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent theta burst stimulation over left BA10 enhances virtual reality-based prospective memory in healthy aged subjects

Debarnot

Crépon

Orriols

et al. 2015

Neurobiology of Aging

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Age effect on components of episodic memory and feature binding: A virtual reality study.

Abstract: We view these results as an indication that virtual environments could provide helpful standard tools for assessing age effects on the main aspects of episodic memory.

Cited by 126 publications

References 76 publications

Do different tests of episodic memory produce consistent results in human adults?

Do different tests of episodic memory produce consistent results in human adults?

What–where–when memory and encoding strategies in healthy aging

Intermittent theta burst stimulation over left BA10 enhances virtual reality-based prospective memory in healthy aged subjects

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