Age estimation among Brazilians: Younger or older than 18?

Deitos, Alexandre Raphael; Costa, Carolina Ortiz Rocha da; Crosato, Edgard Michel; Galić, Ivan; Cameriere, Roberto; Biazevic, María Gabriela Haye

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2015.04.016

Cited by 71 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Later the specific cut-off value of I3M <0.08 has been tested for different populations [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] , which further confirmed its applicability and reliability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Cameriere et al 21 presented a method to assess the age of majority, which is based on the relation between real age and the proportions of widths of open apices and the tooth length of third molars. Later the specific cut-off value of I3M <0.08 has been tested for different populations [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] , which further confirmed its applicability and reliability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Cameriere et al 21 have demonstrated the better performance of I3M <0.08 in discriminating adults or juveniles when compared to Demirjian staging (DS) system. The latter was successfully applied in various populations and proven to be a successful method in predicting the age of majority [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Validation of third molar maturity index (I 3M ) for discrimination of juvenile/adult status in South Indian population

Balla

Galić

Karunakar

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

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Abstract:Deliberate falsification of age was considered to be one of the main reasons for forensic age estimation of the living individuals. This posed to be a challenging task during criminal and legal proceedings, and ultimate care must be taken not to classify juveniles as adults. Third molars are the only developing teeth during late adolescence and early adulthood. Our study was designed to analyze the usefulness of the third molar maturity index (I3M) specific cut-off value (I3M <0.08) to discriminate adults (≥ 18 years) and juveniles (<18 years) in South Indian children.216 panoramic radiographs (114 females and 102 males) of living subjects aged between 14 and 21 years were analyzed. Our results demonstrated high sensitivity (83.3% and 90.2%) and specificity (98.3 % and 95.1%) for females and males respectively. The positive likelihood ratios of being adult were 50.00 and 18.35 while the negative likelihood ratios were 0.17 and 0.10 in females and males respectively. The estimated posttest probability was 98.0% in females and 94.8% in males. The obtained results showed that the specific cut-off value of I3M <0.08 may be a useful additional tool in discrimination of individuals who are around 18 years of age.

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“…Later the specific cut-off value of I3M <0.08 has been tested for different populations [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] , which further confirmed its applicability and reliability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Validation of third molar maturity index (I 3M ) for discrimination of juvenile/adult status in South Indian population

Balla

Galić

Karunakar

et al. 2017

Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine

Self Cite

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“…Given these legal aspects in the context of forensic sciences, it is of medical and dental responsibility the reliability of investigation reports, and cases of age under-or overestimation can compromise judicial measures to be taken, as evidenced in previous studies [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In younger individuals, such as radiographs 1 and 3, there is a large number of available information, different from radiography 2, in which tooth maturation is nearly completed, reducing the amount of information up to be restricted solely to third molars [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Chronological Dental Mineralization Table of Nicodemo, Moraes and MediciFilho (1974) to Estimate Age by Undergraduate Dentistry Students

Costa¹,

Nóbrega²,

Dantas³

et al. 2016

Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr.

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Objective: To evaluate the agreement and applicability of the Chronological Dental Mineralization Table of Nicodemo, Moraes and Medici Filho (1974) to estimate age held by undergraduate Dentistry students at the Federal University of Paraíba. Material and Methods: Field research applied with a sample of 50 students according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sequentially, 3 panoramic radiographs were exposed (actual age known only by teachers), and students were instructed to interpret them from the selection of 2-4 teeth under formation. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), version 20.0, adopting significance level of 5%. Results: Most students chose 3 teeth, with percentages of 56.0% (n = 28); 38.0% (n = 19) and 58.0% (n = 29) for radiographs 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Teeth selected with greater frequency were: 47 (20.1%, n = 33) and 45 (19.5%, n = 32) -radiography 1; 38 (22.7%, n = 32) and 18 (13.4%, n = 19) -radiography 2; and 47 (17.9%; n = 26) and 36 (13.7%; n = 20) -radiography 3. The agreement between estimated and actual ages was 60.0% for radiography 1, 12.0% for radiography 2 and 32.0% for radiography 3. Age was underestimated in 40.0% (n = 20) and 88.0% (n = 44) in radiographs 1 and 2, respectively. Overestimation of the actual age occurred only in radiography 3 (68.0%; n = 34). The linear regression analysis revealed that it is possible to estimate the actual age from the maximum age stipulated by training students with 88.1% success rate. Conclusion: The method is applicable; however, the correlation between estimated and actual ages varied considerably among radiographs, and maximum estimated values were closer to the actual age than minimum values.

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Third molar maturity index (I3M) for assessing age of majority in a black African population in Botswana

et al. 2016

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Assessment of legal age, also known as age of majority, is a controversial issue as there are few body biomarkers or evidence during late adolescence differentiating a subject from being a minor or adult. The third molar was recognized as a suitable site for age examination in late adolescence. We analyzed the development of the left mandibular third molar by the third molar maturity index (I3M) and a specific cut-off value of I3M = 0.08, established by Cameriere et al. in 2008 and used it for discriminating between minors and adult black Africans from Gaborone, Botswana. A final sample of panoramic radiographs (OPTs) of 1294 people (582 males and 712 females) aged between 13 and 23 years was evaluated. The real age decreased as I3M gradually increased. There was no statistically significant difference in the third molar development evaluated using I3M between males and females (p > 0.05) across different I3M classes. Results of 2 × 2 contingency tables for different cut-off values indicated that I3M = 0.08 was useful in discriminating between adults and minors. Precisely, for I3M = 0.08, the values of accuracy or overall fraction of correctly classified were 0.91 in males with a 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) of 0.88 to 0.93 and 0.92 (95 % CI, 0.90 to 0.93) in females. Values of sensitivity of the test or the proportion of participants being 18 years and older were 0.88 (95 % CI, 0.87 to 0.90) in males and 0.88 (95 % CI, 0.90 to 0.93) in females, while values of specificity or proportion of individuals younger than 18 who have I3M <0.08 were 0.94 (95 % CI, 0.91 to 0.96) in males and 0.96 (95 % CI, 0.94 to 0.98) in females. Positive predictive values of the test, where the participants whose I3M <0.08 were adults, were 0.94 (95 % CI 0.91 to 0.96) in males and 0.97 (95 % CI, 0.94 to 0.98) in females, while negative predictive values of the test, where the participants whose I3M was ≥0.08 were minors, were 0.88 (95 % CI 0.85 to 0.90) in males and 0.97 (95 % CI, 0.94 to 0.98) in females. The likelihood ratios of the positive test (LR+) were 13.67 (95 % CI, 9.21 to 21.02) in males and 23.73 (95 % CI, 14.20 to 42.28) in females, while likelihood ratios of the negative test (LR-) were 0.12 (95 % CI 0.10 to 0.16) in males and 0.12 (95 % CI, 0.11 to 0.15) in females. Bayes post-test probabilities, p, were 0.94 (95 % CI 0.90 to 0.98) in males and 0.97 (95 %CI, 0.93 to 1.00) in females. These results indicate with high accuracy that I3M may be a useful alternative method in legal and forensic practice to discriminate individuals of black African origin who are around the legal adult age of 18 years in Botswana. Further studies should address the usefulness of this method and specific cut-off for different adolescent populations.

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Age estimation among Brazilians: Younger or older than 18?

Cited by 71 publications

References 28 publications

Validation of third molar maturity index (I 3M ) for discrimination of juvenile/adult status in South Indian population

Validation of third molar maturity index (I 3M ) for discrimination of juvenile/adult status in South Indian population

Use of the Chronological Dental Mineralization Table of Nicodemo, Moraes and MediciFilho (1974) to Estimate Age by Undergraduate Dentistry Students

Third molar maturity index (I3M) for assessing age of majority in a black African population in Botswana

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