Age, iconic storage, and visual information processing

Gummerman, Kent; Gray, Cynthia

doi:10.1016/0022-0965(72)90016-1

Cited by 31 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The result of this investigation supports the notion of a developmental lag in dyslexic children. It has been shown that VIS duration decreases with age (Gummerman and Gray, 1972;Pollack et al, 1969) and the rate of processing of visual information increases with age (Blake, 1974;Gummerman and Gray, 1972;Haith, 1971). To this extent the dyslexic child appears to receive and process visual information similarly to chronologically younger children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Processing of Straight Lines in Dyslexic and Normal Children

O’Neill

Stanley

1976

Brit J of Edu Psychol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary. Separation thresholds for groups of 26 dyslexic and normal children attending the first year of secondary school were obtained with pairs of identically‐oriented and spatially‐overlapping straight lines presented at orientations varying from zero to 90 degrees. The dyslexics as a group had about 10 to 15 msec longer separation times than normals. In a second experiment single straight line contours were preceded by an homogeneous light mask. Dyslexics required longer stimulus exposures for detection than controls. It is suggested that the present results are compatible with the view of a developmental lag in the visual information processing of dyslexics.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Processing of Straight Lines in Dyslexic and Normal Children

O’Neill

Stanley

1976

Brit J of Edu Psychol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Speed of encoding is an additional factor intertwined with stimulus familiarity which can also affect memory span performance. That is, there is an abundance of evidence to suggest that the speed with which adults can identify a stimulus is faster than children (e.g., Gummerman & Gray, 1972;Welsandt, Zupnick, & Meyer, 1973). This faster speed of identification seems to be a function of stimulus familiarity (the evidence will be presented later).…”

Section: Memory Spanmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The following is a list of studies illustrating that the difference in encoding speed between adults and chilo dren increases as the stimuli become more complex and unfamiliar. In the Gummerman and Gray (1972) study, for example, fairly simple stimuli were used and, hence, minimal differences were found. Adults and children were asked to perceive the orientation of aT, given 80 msec exposure followed by a mask.…”

Section: Recognition Under Limited Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term memory limitations in children: Capacity or processing deficits?

1976

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper evaluates the assertion that short-term memory (STM) capacity increases with age. Initially an analysis is made of the STM system in terms of its parameters and control processes. No evidence was found that can suggest conclusively that either the capacity or the rate of information loss from STM varies with age. On the other hand, substantial evidence exists to show that the processing strategies used by adults are unavailable or deficient in children. Furthermore, considerable differences in the contents and complexity of the long-term memory (LTM) knowledge base (semantic and recognition networks can produce grossly different STM performance between age groups. The second half of this paper reviews three STM-related paradigms-memory span, serial probed recall, and recognition under limited exposure-that have consistently shown performance deficits in children. These deficits are explained in terms of the lack of proper control processes (or processing strategies), as well as an impoverished LTM knowledge base rather than a limitation in STM capacity.

show abstract

“…Support for this line of speculation may be found in other studies. Gummerman and Gray (1972) reported evidence that iconic images of young children persist longer than those of older children and adults, but that young children process information in iconic storage relatively slowly. In addition, a negative correlation between age and the smallest dark interval that can be detected between two flashes of light has been interpreted as evidence that after-images of young children persist longer than those of older children (Pollack, Ptashne, & Carter, 1969).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Span of Poor Readers

Spring

Farmer

1975

Journal of Reading Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. A model is described attributing narrow perceptual spans of poor readers to abnormally slow phonological coding speed. In a test of the model with elementary-age school boys, (1) poor readers were slower than average readers on a digit naming task; (2) perceptual span for random digits was impaired for poor readers; (3) a linear relation was found between perceptual span and naming speed; and (4) within the limits of reliability, perceptual span and naming speed accounted for the same portion of reading ability variance. Discrepant results are also presented, and possible modifications of the model are discussed.It has long been known that perceptual span, defined as the number of items reported from brief tachistoscopic exposures, is greater for good readers than for poor readers. It is commonly thought, however, that perceptual spans of good readers are greater than those of poor readers only for meaningful material, such as words and sentences. Reviewing early studies, Anderson and Dearborn (1952) concluded that perceptual spans of good and poor readers do not differ for nonsense material such as strings of unrelated letters. They interpreted this to mean that, compared to good readers, poor readers do not actually perceive fewer letters, but that they extract less meaning from the letters they do perceive. This interpretation is similar to the view of contemporary theorists who emphasize the psycholinguistic nature of reading. For example, Smith asserts that skilled readers extract no more graphemic information from an eye fixation than beginning readers, and explains that their wider perceptual span is due to knowledge of redundancies of the language (Smith,

show abstract

Age, iconic storage, and visual information processing

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Visual Processing of Straight Lines in Dyslexic and Normal Children

Visual Processing of Straight Lines in Dyslexic and Normal Children

Short-term memory limitations in children: Capacity or processing deficits?

Perceptual Span of Poor Readers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About