Age is highly associated with stereo blindness among surgeons: a cross-sectional study

Fergo, Charlotte; Burcharth, Jakob; Pommergaard, Hans‐Christian; Rosenberg, Jacob

doi:10.1007/s00464-016-4826-9

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…First, we did not take into consideration the unsuitability of each participant for stereo vision. Several studies about 3D indicated that there are some people who have disadvantages of stereo vision, such as stereo blindness [ 16 , 17 ], or the side effects (feeling discomfort, headache, or sickness) using a 3D monitor [ 18 ]. However, each participant in this study improved their performance and did not feel any discomfort or sickness as side effects by 3D during the trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The learning effect of using stereoscopic vision in the early phase of laparoscopic surgical training for novices

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundRecently to improve depth perception, the performance of three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic surgeries has increased. However, the effects of laparoscopic training using 3D are still unclear. This study aimed to clarify the effects of using a 3D monitor among novices in the early phase of training.MethodsParticipants were 40 novices who had never performed laparoscopic surgery (20 medical students and 20 junior residents). Three laparoscopic phantom tasks (task 1: touching markers on a flat disk with a rod; task 2: straight rod transfer through a single loop; and task 3: curved rod transfer through two loops) in the training box were performed ten times, respectively. Performances were recorded by an optical position tracker. The participants were randomly divided into two groups: one group performed each task five times initially under a 2D system (2D start group), and the other group performed each task five times under a 3D system (3D start group). Both groups then performed the same task five times. After the trial, we evaluated the performance scores (operative time, path length of forceps, and technical errors) and the learning curves for both groups.ResultsScores for all tasks performed under the 3D system were significantly better than scores for tasks using the 2D system. Scores for each task in the 2D start group improved after switching to the 3D system. However, scores for each task in the 3D start group were worse after switching to the 2D system, especially scores related to technical errors.ConclusionsThe stereoscopic vision improved laparoscopic surgical techniques of novices from the early phase of training. However, the performance of novices trained only by 3D worsened by changing to the 2D environment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The learning effect of using stereoscopic vision in the early phase of laparoscopic surgical training for novices

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sensitivity to binocular disparity information varies substantially in the general population, with two‐thirds of individuals having good to excellent stereoacuity (so‐called ‘haves’) and the remainder having moderate to poor stereoscopic perception (so‐called ‘have‐nots’). A recent cross‐sectional study of surgeons suggests that 10 per cent may be ‘stereoblind’. Binocular disparity information is also affected by viewing distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of simulated three-dimensional perception on precision of depth judgements, technical performance and perceived workload in laparoscopy

Sakata

Grove

Hill

et al. 2017

British Journal of Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThis study compared precision of depth judgements, technical performance and workload using two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) laparoscopic displays across different viewing distances. It also compared the accuracy of 3D displays with natural viewing, along with the relationship between stereoacuity and 3D laparoscopic performance.MethodsA counterbalanced within‐subjects design with random assignment to testing sequences was used. The system could display 2D or 3D images with the same set‐up. A Howard–Dolman apparatus assessed precision of depth judgements, and three laparoscopic tasks (peg transfer, navigation in space and suturing) assessed performance (time to completion). Participants completed tasks in all combinations of two viewing modes (2D, 3D) and two viewing distances (1 m, 3 m). Other measures administered included the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (perceived workload) and the Randot® Stereotest (stereoacuity).ResultsDepth judgements were 6·2 times as precise at 1 m and 3·0 times as precise at 3 m using 3D versus 2D displays (P < 0·001). Participants performed all laparoscopic tasks faster in 3D at both 1 and 3 m (P < 0.001), with mean completion times up to 64 per cent shorter for 3D versus 2D displays. Workload was lower for 3D displays (up to 34 per cent) than for 2D displays at both viewing distances (P < 0·001). Greater viewing distance inhibited performance for two laparoscopic tasks, and increased perceived workload for all three (P < 0·001). Higher stereoacuity was associated with shorter completion times for the navigating in space task performed in 3D at 1 m (r = − 0·40, P = 0·001).Conclusion 3D displays offer large improvements over 2D displays in precision of depth judgements, technical performance and perceived workload.

show abstract

“…recommendations that 3D systems should be utilised in the clinical setting to decrease operating times [12]. However, these systems are expensive, and around ten percent of surgeons cannot perceive stereoscopic depth [13,14]. Furthermore, no clinical trials have investigated whether 3D systems have performance benefits over ultra-high-definition ('4K') laparoscopic imaging-a new two-dimensional technology with four times the number of pixels of HD, which potentially provides stronger monocular depth-perception cues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is 3D faster and safer than 4K laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A randomised-controlled trial

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Laparoscopic surgery has well-established benefits for patients; however, laparoscopic procedures have a long and difficult learning curve, in large part due to the lack of stereoscopic depth perception. Developments in high-definition and stereoscopic imaging have attempted to overcome this. Three-dimensional high-definition (3D HD) systems are thought to improve operating times compared to two-dimensional high-definition systems. However their performance against new, ultra-high-definition ('4K') systems is not known. Methods Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomised to 3D HD or 4K laparoscopy. Operative videos were recorded, and the time from gallbladder exposure to separation from the liver (minus on table cholangiogram) was calculated. Blinded video assessment was performed to calculate intraoperative error scores. Results One hundred and twenty patients were randomised, of which 109 were analysed (3D HD n = 54; 4K n = 55). No reduction in operative time was detected with 3D HD compared to 4K laparoscopy (median [IQR]; 23.41 min [17.00-37.98] vs 20.90 min [17.67-33.03]; p = 0.91); nor was there any decrease observed in error scores (60 [56-62] vs 58 [56][57][58][59][60]; p = 0.27), complications or reattendance. Stone spillage occurred more frequently with 3D HD, but there were no other differences in individual error rates. Gallbladder grade and operating surgeon had significant effects on time to complete the operation. Gallbladder grade also had a significant effect on the error score. Conclusions A 3D HD laparoscopic system did not reduce operative time or error scores during laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared with a new 4K imaging system.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

show abstract

Age is highly associated with stereo blindness among surgeons: a cross-sectional study

Abstract: Approximately one in ten medical doctors in general surgery, gynecology, and urology were stereo blind with an increasing prevalence with age. This is relevant since stereo blind surgeons will not benefit from the implementation of 3D laparoscopy.

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

The learning effect of using stereoscopic vision in the early phase of laparoscopic surgical training for novices

The learning effect of using stereoscopic vision in the early phase of laparoscopic surgical training for novices

Impact of simulated three-dimensional perception on precision of depth judgements, technical performance and perceived workload in laparoscopy

Is 3D faster and safer than 4K laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A randomised-controlled trial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About