“…Palaeocave allogenic fill (inc. detrital silicates and often cemented by calcite) within the CoH is largely confined between ∼3 and ∼1 Ma ( Herries & Adams, 2013 ; Herries & Shaw, 2011 ; Herries et al, 2009 ; Herries et al, 2013 ; Gibbon et al, 2014 ; Pickering & Kramers, 2010 ; Pickering et al, 2019 ; Schwartz, Ziari & Trivedi, 1994 ). However, age ranges of ∼4 Ma ( Partridge et al, 2003 ) and ∼3.7 Ma ( Granger et al, 2015 ) have been presented for the StW573 australopithecine fossil from Sterkfontein, though the latter has been more recently contested (2.8–2.2 Ma; Kramers & Dirks, 2017a ; Kramers & Dirks, 2017b ; Stratford & Palmer, 2017 ). A more recent archaeological record can also be found from ∼300 ka with the discovery of hominin remains such as Homo naledi at Rising Star ( Dirks et al, 2017 ) and stone tools at sites such as Lincoln Cave at Sterkfontein ( Reynolds et al, 2003 ; Reynolds, Clarke & Kuman, 2007 ).…”