Age of Information in Practice

Uysal-Biyikoğlu, Elif; Kaya, Onur; Baghaee, Sajjad; Beytur, Hasan Burhan

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2106.02491

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…"Significance" is with respect to some goal or task, and can be thought as "provisioning of the right and significant piece of information to the right point of computation (or actuation) at the right point in time" [17]. A popular metric exemplifying this approach is the age of information (AoI) [18], which quantifies the "freshness" of data. Another is the so-called value of information [19].…”

Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Semantic Communication: A Survey

Wheeler

Natarajan

2023

IEEE Access

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As the global demand for data has continued to rise exponentially, some have begun turning to the idea of semantic communication as a means of efficiently meeting this demand. Pushing beyond the boundaries of conventional communication systems, semantic communication focuses on the accurate recovery of the meaning conveyed from source to receiver, as opposed to the accurate recovery of transmitted symbols. In this survey, we aim to provide a comprehensive view of the history and current state of semantic communication and the techniques for engineering this higher level of communication. A survey of the current literature reveals four broad approaches to engineering semantic communication. We term the earliest of these approaches classical semantic information, which seeks to extend informationtheoretic results to include semantic information. A second approach makes use of knowledge graphs to achieve semantic communication, and a third utilizes the power of modern deep learning techniques to facilitate this communication. The fourth approach focuses on the significance of information, rather than its meaning, to achieve efficient, goal-oriented communication. We discuss each of these four approaches and their corresponding studies in detail, and provide some challenges and opportunities that pertain to each approach. Finally, we introduce a novel approach to semantic communication, which we term contextbased semantic communication. Inspired by the way in which humans naturally communicate with one another, this context-based approach provides a general, optimization-based design framework for semantic communication systems. Together, this survey provides a useful guide for the design and implementation of semantic communication systems.

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Section: A Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Semantic Communication: A Survey

Wheeler

Natarajan

2023

IEEE Access

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“…In the following, we explore the adjustment of AoI operating policies according to the actual content of the updates [ 23 ] using ML. We compare a baseline scheme, where an update is sent whenever AoI is greater than a predefined threshold T , with a scheme where ML is used to classify the updates into anomalies or normal data, so that the value of T is updated accordingly, e.g., to give higher priority to signaling anomalies.…”

Section: Ml-based Sensor Transmission Optimization Using Aoimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the data collected from multiple sensors can be multi-structured, i.e. multidimensional and heterogeneous, and ML can help us to extract meaningful information that can be handled in the updates [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Using these techniques can bring both benefits and disadvantages for smart living ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling Age of Information in Access Policies for Sensing Ecosystems

Zancanaro

Cisotto

Badia

2023

Sensors

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Recent technological advancements such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and machine learning (ML) can lead to a massive data generation in smart environments, where multiple sensors can be used to monitor a large number of processes through a wireless sensor network (WSN). This poses new challenges for the extraction and interpretation of meaningful data. In this spirit, age of information (AoI) represents an important metric to quantify the freshness of the data monitored to check for anomalies and operate adaptive control. However, AoI typically assumes a binary representation of the information, which is actually multi-structured. Thus, deep semantic aspects may be lost. In addition, the ambient correlation of multiple sensors may not be taken into account and exploited. To analyze these issues, we study how correlation affects AoI for multiple sensors under two scenarios of (i) concurrent and (ii) time-division multiple access. We show that correlation among sensors improves AoI if concurrent transmissions are allowed, whereas the benefits are much more limited in a time-division scenario. Furthermore, we discuss how ML can be applied to extract relevant information from data and show how it can further optimize the transmission policy with savings of resources. Specifically, we demonstrate, through simulations, that ML techniques can be used to reduce the number of transmissions and that classification errors have no influence on the AoI of the system.

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Age of Information in Practice

Cited by 2 publications

References 53 publications

Engineering Semantic Communication: A Survey

Engineering Semantic Communication: A Survey

Tackling Age of Information in Access Policies for Sensing Ecosystems

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