Age of introduction of first complementary feeding for infants: a systematic review

Qasem, Wafaa; Fenton, Tanis R.; Friel, James K.

doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0409-5

Cited by 75 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…18,27 In this study, children whose introduction to CFs was earlier than 4 months of age had a 1.7 and 1.6 times risk of being underweight (WAZ < −2 z score) or stunted (HAZ < −2 z score), respectively, compared with children who had a timely introduction to CFs. One study in rural Senegal reported similar findings that infants complemented at 2-3 months of age had significantly lower length for age and weight for length.…”

Section: -26mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inappropriate Feeding Behavior: One of the Important Causes of Malnutrition in 6- to 36-Month-Old Children in Myanmar

Zhao¹,

Gao²,

Li³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The complementary feeding period is an important time for children's growth and development. This study was conducted to 1) determine the feeding behaviors of 6-to 36-month-old children in Myanmar, 2) explore health effects of feeding behaviors, and 3) determine factors associated with feeding behaviors. A total of 807 children and their mothers (N = 642) were recruited from nine villages in Kachin, Shan, and Kokang, Myanmar. Feeding behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics were investigated using a validated questionnaire. Hemoglobin and anthropometric indicators were measured during the fieldwork. In our sample, 18.6%, 72.7%, and 9.8% of children were introduced to complementary foods (CFs) earlier than 4 months of age, between 4 and 8 months of age, and later than 8 months of age, respectively. For different types of CFs, up to the age of 24.1-36 months, there were still 6.5% and 4.1% of the children who had never been introduced to eggs and meat. Introduction of CFs earlier than 4 months of age was a risk factor for being underweight (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR adjust-age ) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-2.5) and for stunting (OR adjust-age = 1.6, 95% CI = 1

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Section: -26mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inappropriate Feeding Behavior: One of the Important Causes of Malnutrition in 6- to 36-Month-Old Children in Myanmar

Zhao¹,

Gao²,

Li³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…[5–9] Accordingly, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life with continued breastfeeding, complemented by appropriate foods, for up to two years of age or beyond. [10–14]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant food applications of complex carbohydrates: Structure, synthesis, and function

Ackerman

Craft

Townsend

2017

Carbohydrate Research

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Professional health bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) recommend breast milk as the sole source of food during the first year of life. This position recognizes human milk as being uniquely suited for infant nutrition. Nonetheless, most neonates in the West are fed alternatives by 6 months of age. Although inferior to human milk in most aspects, infant formulas are able to promote effective growth and development. However, while breast-fed infants feature a microbiota dominated by bifidobacteria, the bacterial flora of formula-fed infants is usually heterogeneous with comparatively lower levels of bifidobacteria. Thus, the objective of any infant food manufacturer is to prepare a product that results in a formula-fed infant developing a breast-fed infant-like microbiota. The goal of this focused review is to discuss the structure, synthesis, and function of carbohydrate additives that play a role in governing the composition of the infant microbiome and have other health benefits.

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“…This time limit was based on the majority of studies being performed after this period [5,6]. Therefore, the search was limited to studies published since 1990 (last 27 years).…”

Section: Search Strings and Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive literature search as preparatory work for a systematic review on health outcomes related to the age of introduction of complementary food for the scientific assessment of the appropriate age of introduction of complementary feeding into an infant's diet

Lunteren

Hoorn

et al. 2019

EFSA Supporting Publications

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In 2016, the European Commission gave EFSA a mandate to update its 2009 opinion on the appropriate age for introduction of complementary feeding of infants. In order to retrieve data on health outcomes related to the age of introduction of complementary food, a systematic literature review will be conducted by EFSA. This report presents the preparatory work that is performed by Pallas, with advice of Wageningen University, for the systematic literature review. It provides an overview of references of eligible studies and grey literature documents describing or investigating the age for introduction of complementary feeding in relation to health outcomes. To collect these, an extensive literature search was performed for peer‐reviewed literature in three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library), according to the EFSA guidance document. After the execution of the searches, references found were screened by a two‐stage selection procedure: (1) Title and abstract screening; (2) Full‐text assessment of eligible references identified during the previous step. In both steps, 100% of the references were assessed in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Discrepancies in selected references were solved consensus based, or when necessary, discussed with a third reviewer. In addition, a grey literature search was executed in appropriate sources (NTIS, Open Grey, CAB Abstracts and Open Access Theses and Dissertations). From the literature search, 184 references were considered eligible, including 36 resulting from the hand search. An additional 30 references resulted from the grey‐literature search. All pertinent peer‐reviewed studies are listed in tables, categorised by type of health outcome and with data source. Also, an overview of non‐pertinent studies is presented with data source and reason for exclusion in the appendix. Relevant grey data sources are listed in a separate table. Along with this report, two Endnote libraries are delivered; one library with all studies considered pertinent and a second library comprising all excluded references. Finally, a few issues that can be taken into consideration during the further execution of the systematic literature review (risk of bias assessment, data extraction and reporting) are discussed in this report.

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Age of introduction of first complementary feeding for infants: a systematic review

Cited by 75 publications

References 81 publications

Inappropriate Feeding Behavior: One of the Important Causes of Malnutrition in 6- to 36-Month-Old Children in Myanmar

Inappropriate Feeding Behavior: One of the Important Causes of Malnutrition in 6- to 36-Month-Old Children in Myanmar

Infant food applications of complex carbohydrates: Structure, synthesis, and function

Extensive literature search as preparatory work for a systematic review on health outcomes related to the age of introduction of complementary food for the scientific assessment of the appropriate age of introduction of complementary feeding into an infant's diet

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