Age, period, and cohort effects for future employment, sickness absence, and disability pension by occupational gender segregation: a population-based study of all employed people in a country (&gt; 3 million)

Gonäs, Lena; Wikman, Anders; Alexanderson, Kristina; Gustafsson, Klas

doi:10.17269/s41997-019-00216-1

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…However, we found that women’s SA prevalence was higher in all six branches of industry. Some studies have found that being the minority sex in a highly sex-segregated occupation is associated with higher risk of SA [ 23 ]. For both women and men, the branch of industry with the highest SA prevalence was care and education, and women did not have higher SA prevalence in manufacturing or construction, comprising many numerically male-dominated occupations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sickness absence among privately employed white-collar workers: A total population study in Sweden

Farrants

Alexanderson

2020

Scand J Public Health

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Background: Knowledge about sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP) among privately employed white-collar workers is very limited. Aims: This study aimed to explore SA and DP among privately employed white-collar women and men using different measures of SA to investigate differences by branch of industry, and to analyse the association between sociodemographic factors and SA. Methods: This was a population-based study of all 1,283,516 (47% women) privately employed white-collar workers in Sweden in 2012, using register data linked at the individual level. Several different measures of SA and DP were used. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations of sociodemographic factors with SA. Results: More women than men had SA (10.9% women vs. 4.5% men) and DP (1.8% women vs. 0.6% men). While women had a higher risk of SA than men and had more SA days per employed person, they did not have more SA days per person with SA than men. The risk of SA was higher for women (odds ratio (OR)=2.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.51–2.58)), older individuals (OR age 18–24 years=0.58 (95% CI 0.56–0.60); age 55–64 years OR=1.43 (95% CI 1.40–1.46) compared to age 45–54 years), living in medium-sized towns (OR=1.05 (95% CI 1.03–1.06)) or small towns/rural areas (OR=1.13 (95% CI 1.11–1.15)), with shorter education than college/university (OR compulsory only=1.64 (95% CI 1.59–1.69); OR high school=1.38 (95% CI 1.36–1.40)), born outside the EU25 (OR=1.23 (95% CI 1.20–1.27)) and singles with children at home (OR=1.33 (95% CI 1.30–1.36)). Conclusions: SA and DP among privately employed white-collar workers were lower than in the general population. SA prevalence, length and risk varied by branch of industry, sex and other sociodemographic factors, however, depending on the SA measure used.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sickness absence among privately employed white-collar workers: A total population study in Sweden

Farrants

Alexanderson

2020

Scand J Public Health

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“…A great deal of the papers measured different variables pre-and post-implantation. Some papers reported that implantation had (self-rated) positive impacts on income, employment status, job satisfaction, professional skills, development in professional careers, employment opportunities, position in the labour market and how much the individuals were able to work (Clinkard et al 2015;Fazel and Gray 2007;Goh et al 2016;Kos et al 2007;Huarte et al 2017;Harkonen et al 2017). Others revealed the impact CIs had on performances in WL, such as improved communication with co-workers, phone abilities, increased awareness of warning signals and other sounds in the environment, and overall increased functioning (Kos et al 2007;Harkonen et al 2015b;Saxon et al 2001).…”

Section: Cochlear Implants and Working Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

Key findings about hearing loss in the working-life: a scoping review from a well-being perspective

Granberg

Gustafsson

2021

International Journal of Audiology

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Objective: This scoping review investigated key findings about hearing loss (HL) in the working life (WL) from a well-being perspective. Design: A scoping review protocol was used to search the literature and to explore and extract key findings. A narrative analysis of key findings was used to group the data into themes. Study sample: Fiftythree articles from 29 different journals were included in the analysis. Results: The narrative analysis identified three broad themes; individual aspects, work environment and work organisation. Individual aspects concerned problems that workers with HL experienced in their working lives, strategies they used to manage their working lives and different aspects of health in relation to WL. Work environment focussed on the physical, organisational and social work environment. Work organisation identified aspects related to division of labour and employment status. Conclusions: Several of the included papers revealed lots of findings but did not substantially discuss the findings from a WL perspective. HL and well-being in WL is a multidimensional phenomenon due to the interplay between the individual and the environment. This interplay is rarely discussed in the included papers. Furthermore, intersectional aspects are infrequently highlighted and need to be further explored in future research.

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“…Women’s experiences of pregnancy, their perceptions about job demands, and their attitudes to SA during pregnancy may be sensitive to the culture and the norms of their occupation [13, 14]. An increasing number of studies document an association between the numerical gender composition, i.e., the proportion of women and men, in an occupation and SA [15–22]. Based on Kanter’s theory of tokenism [15, 23], gender-minority groups in an occupation have been hypothesized to have higher SA than the majority due to the minority position being associated with higher stress and lower social resources, and subsequently poorer health and lower motivation to go to work [15, 23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sickness absence and disability pension before and after first childbirth and in nulliparous women by numerical gender segregation of occupations: A Swedish population-based longitudinal cohort study

et al. 2019

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BackgroundPregnancy is associated with a temporarily increased sickness absence (SA) risk. This association may vary by the level of occupational gender segregation; however, knowledge in this area is limited. We studied whether trends in SA and disability pension (DP) in the years before and after first childbirth among women with one or more childbirths and with no childbirth during the study period varied by occupational gender segregation.MethodsWe conducted a population-based register study involving nulliparous women aged 18–39 years, living in Sweden in 2002–2004 (n = 364,411). We classified participants in three childbirth groups as: (1) no childbirth in 2005 or in the next 3.75 years, (2) first childbirth in 2005 and no births in the subsequent 3.75 years, and (3) first childbirth in 2005 and at least one additional birth in the subsequent 3.75 years, and into five categories based on the rate of women in their occupations. We compared crude and standardized mean annual net SA and DP days during the three years before and the three years after 2005 across the childbirth and occupational gender segregation categories.ResultsWomen in extremely male-dominated occupations had or tended to have somewhat higher mean combined SA and DP days than women in gender-integrated occupations; women in female-dominated occupations had comparable or tended to have slightly higher mean SA and DP days than women in gender-integrated occupations. Except for the year before the first childbirth, women who gave birth, especially those who gave several births, had generally a lower mean combined standardized SA and DP days than nulliparous women. We found no substantial differences in trends in SA and DP around the time of first childbirth according to occupational gender segregation.ConclusionsTrends in SA and DP around the time of first childbirth did not vary by occupational gender segregation.

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Age, period, and cohort effects for future employment, sickness absence, and disability pension by occupational gender segregation: a population-based study of all employed people in a country (> 3 million)

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Sickness absence among privately employed white-collar workers: A total population study in Sweden

Sickness absence among privately employed white-collar workers: A total population study in Sweden

Key findings about hearing loss in the working-life: a scoping review from a well-being perspective

Sickness absence and disability pension before and after first childbirth and in nulliparous women by numerical gender segregation of occupations: A Swedish population-based longitudinal cohort study

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