Age-related alterations in the cardiovascular responses to acute exercise in males and females: role of the exercise pressor reflex

Grotle, A. K.; Langlo, J. V.; Holsbrekken, E.; Stone, A. J.; Tanaka, H.; Fadel, P. J.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1287392

Front. Physiol.

2023

DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1287392

|View full text |Cite

Age-related alterations in the cardiovascular responses to acute exercise in males and females: role of the exercise pressor reflex

A. K. Grotle,

J. V. Langlo,

E. Holsbrekken

et al.

Abstract: Autonomic adjustments of the cardiovascular system are critical for initiating and sustaining exercise by facilitating the redistribution of blood flow and oxygen delivery to meet the metabolic demands of the active skeletal muscle. Afferent feedback from active skeletal muscles evokes reflex increases in sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure (BP) (i.e., exercise pressor reflex) and contributes importantly to these primary neurovascular adjustments to exercise. When altered, this reflex contributes sig… Show more

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...

Citation Types

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Year Published

2024

Publication Types

Select...

Article5

Relationship

Self Cite0

Independent5

Authors

Journals

Cited by 5 publications

References 122 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

Sex‐Specific Differences in Cardiovascular Adaptations and Risks in Elite Athletes: Bridging the Gap in Sports Cardiology

Afaghi,

Rahimi,

Soltani

et al. 2024

Clinical Cardiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe growing participation of women in competitive sports necessitates a comprehensive understanding of sex‐specific cardiovascular adaptations and risks. Historically, research has predominantly focused on male athletes, leaving a gap in knowledge about the unique cardiovascular dynamics of female peers.Hypothesiswe hypothesized that female athletes exhibit distinct cardiovascular adaptations and face different risks, influenced by physiological, hormonal, and structural differences.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted, analyzing studies on cardiovascular responses and adaptations in athletes. Data were extracted on hemodynamic changes, autonomic and neural reflex regulation, cardiac remodeling, and arrhythmias. Comparative analyses were performed to identify sex‐specific patterns and discrepancies in cardiovascular health outcomes.ResultsWe revealed considerable sex differences in cardiovascular adaptations to athletic training. Female athletes generally have longer QT intervals, greater sinoatrial node automaticity, and enhanced atrioventricular node function compared to males. They also exhibit lower sympathetic activity, lower maximal stroke volumes, and a tendency toward eccentric cardiac remodeling. Conversely, male athletes are more prone to concentric hypertrophy and higher incidences of bradyarrhythmia and accessory pathway arrhythmias. Female athletes are more likely to experience symptomatic atrial fibrillation and face higher procedural complications during catheter ablation.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the necessity for sex‐specific approaches in sports cardiology. Recognizing and addressing these differences could enhance performance and reduce adverse cardiac events in athletes. Future research should focus on developing tailored screening, prevention, and treatment strategies to bridge the knowledge gap and promote cardiovascular health in both male and female athletes.

show abstract

Sex‐Specific Differences in Cardiovascular Adaptations and Risks in Elite Athletes: Bridging the Gap in Sports Cardiology

Afaghi,

Rahimi,

Soltani

et al. 2024

Clinical Cardiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Risk Factors Associated With Exaggerated Blood Pressure Response at the Time of Exercise Treadmill Stress Test

Katsi,

Ioakeimidis,

Dimitroglou

et al. 2024

American Journal of Hypertension

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Exaggerated blood pressure response (EBPR) to exercise stress testing (EST) may be a marker of future hypertension and carry valuable information for the prediction of cardiovascular events. We sought to evaluate the clinical and resting EST parameters associated with increased likelihood to EBPR. Methods The records of 14073 patients (mean age: 55±11 years) without known cardiovascular disease who underwent a treadmill EST were analysed. Results The overall prevalence of arterial hypertension was 44%. A considerable proportion (24%) of patients exhibited EBPR. Multivariate analysis of the entire study population showed that middle-aged individuals (40-60 years old), resting systolic BP>130mmHg and/or diastolic BP>80 mmHg, known arterial hypertension, current cigarette smoking and family history of premature coronary artery disease are all independent risk factors for EBPR (all P<0.001). Although the presence of arterial hypertension increased the likelihood of EBPR in the analysis of the entire population, the relevant association in subjects above 60 years old is statistically non-significant (P=0.120). Notably, the pre-test systolic BP>130mmHg and/or diastolic BP>80 mmHg level increased significantly the likelihood to manifest EBPR in all age categories (<40, 40-60 and >60 years old) independent of hypertension presence and in all hypertensive patients independently of antihypertension treatment intake (all P<0.001). Conclusions Considering the diagnostic and prognostic utility of EBPR during treadmill EST the clinical and resting haemodynamic parameters that increase the likelihood to EBPR are targets for interventions and preventive measures to modify lifestyle risk behaviours and reduce hypertension and cardiovascular risk factors in the early stages.

show abstract

Vascular limitations in blood pressure regulation with age in women: Insights from exercise and acute cardioselective β‐blockade

Studinski,

Bowlus,

Pawelczyk

et al. 2024

Experimental Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Younger women rely on altering cardiac output () to regulate blood pressure (BP). In contrast, older women rely more on altering vascular tone. However, evidence suggests that the ability to alter systemic vascular conductance (SVC) is diminished in older women. In the present study, cardioselective β‐blockade was utilized to diminish the relative contribution of to BP regulation and thereby evaluate age‐related vascular limitations in women at rest and during large muscle dynamic exercise. Younger (n = 13, mean age 26.0 years) and older (n = 14, mean age 61.8 years) healthy women performed submaximal bouts of semi‐recumbent cycling exercise at varying intensities while receiving an intravenous infusion of esmolol, a β1‐antagonist, or saline control in a repeated‐measures crossover design. was attenuated during esmolol infusion, with greater reductions during exercise (moderate, –1.0 (95% CI, –1.6 to –0.5) L/min, P < 0.001; heavy, –2.0 (95% CI, –2.6 to –1.5) L/min, P < 0.001) than seated rest (–0.5 (95% CI, –1.1 to 0.0) L/min, P = 0.048), and this reduction was not significantly different between age groups (P = 0.122). Older women exhibited a greater attenuation in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during esmolol (–7 (95% CI, –9 to –4) mmHg, P < 0.001) relative to younger women (–2 (95% CI, –5 to 0) mmHg, P = 0.071). These changes coincided with a greater reduction of SVC in the younger women during esmolol (–15 (95% CI, –20 to –10) mL/min/mmHg, P < 0.001) compared to older women (–3 (95% CI, –9 to 2) mL/min/mmHg, P = 0.242). Together, these findings provide evidence that older, postmenopausal women have a diminished ability to adjust SVC in order to regulate MAP.

show abstract

scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.

Contact Info

customersupport@researchsolutions.com

10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614

Henderson, NV 89052, USA

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.

Blog Terms and Conditions API Terms Privacy Policy Contact Cookie Preferences Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information

Made with 💙 for researchers

Part of the Research Solutions Family.

Age-related alterations in the cardiovascular responses to acute exercise in males and females: role of the exercise pressor reflex

Cited by 5 publications

References 122 publications

Sex‐Specific Differences in Cardiovascular Adaptations and Risks in Elite Athletes: Bridging the Gap in Sports Cardiology

Sex‐Specific Differences in Cardiovascular Adaptations and Risks in Elite Athletes: Bridging the Gap in Sports Cardiology

Risk Factors Associated With Exaggerated Blood Pressure Response at the Time of Exercise Treadmill Stress Test

Vascular limitations in blood pressure regulation with age in women: Insights from exercise and acute cardioselective β‐blockade

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About