Age-related changes in the ventricular system of the dog brain

González‐Soriano, Juncal; Marı́n-Garcı́a, P.; Contreras‐Rodríguez, Julio; Martı́nez-Sainz, P; Rodríguez‐Veiga, Elisia

doi:10.1016/s0940-9602(01)80236-3

Cited by 44 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…atrophy, which normally occurs in aging in consequence to neuronal atrophy (Terry et al 1987), demyelination and a decrease in the number of myelinated fibres (Marner et al 2003). The third ventricular enlargement identified in the cats of the present study is not in agreement with the results of a research study performed in dogs by Gonzáles--Soriano et al (2001), who did not find any difference in the size of the third ventricle between younger and older adult German Shepherds. However, the information found in the cats corroborates that verified in humans, in which the third ventricle, that may not be seen or may have very small dimensions in individuals under 40 years of age, can usually be clearly and easily identified in persons over 50 years old (LeMay 1984).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the lateral ventricular measurements, no statistically significant differences between the groups were verified for the height. In German Shepherd dogs, however, it was found that the size of the lateral ventricles suffers a significantly increase according to the age (Gonzáles-soriano et al 2001). In the study performed by Su et al (2005), a lateral ventricular enlargement was also observed in 26/47 (55.32%) and 35/41 (85.37%) Beagle dogs in the second and third year of their longitudinal study, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computed tomographic features of the feline brain change with advancing age?

et al. 2015

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RESUMO.-[O aspecto tomográfico do encéfalo de felinos altera com o avanço da idade?]Uma melhor compreensão das alterações encefálicas normais ou esperadas com o aumento da idade em gatos é necessária no presente momento, uma vez que tem havido um número crescente desses animais nas clínicas veterinárias, e dados de imagem referentes às alterações normais associadas à idade são extremamente escassos na literatura. O objetivo deste estudo foi a identificação de alterações relacionadas à idade no encéfalo de gatos através da tomografia computadorizada. Quinze gatos saudáveis não braquicefálicos com idade entre 1 e 6 anos (grupo adulto) e mais de 12 anos (grupo geriátrico) foram submetidos à tomografia encefálica. Diferenças estatísticas significativas foram encontradas entre os grupos para a identificação do ventrículo lateral esquerdo e calcificação da foice cerebral, ambos visualizados em um número maior de gatos do grupo geriátrico. A média de largura do terceiro ventrículo também foi significativamente maior nos animais geriátricos. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre a mensuração dos ventrículos laterais e a atenuação do parênquima encefálico nas fases tomográficas pré e pós-contraste. Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram aumento da incidência de calcificação da foice cerebral e dilatação do terceiro ventrículo de acordo com o avanço da idade em gatos. Pesquisas futuras utilizando ressonância magnética e uma A better understanding of normal or expected encephalic changes with increasing age in cats is needed as a growing number of these animals is attended in veterinary clinics, and imaging data referring to normal age-associated changes are extremely scarce in the literature. The objective of this study was to identify age-related changes in feline brain using CT imaging. Fifteen non-brachycephalic healthy cats with age between 1 to 6 years (adult group) and others over 12 years (geriatric group) were submitted to CT scan of the brain. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups for the ability to identify the left lateral ventricle and for falx cerebri calcification, both identified in a greater number of cats of the geriatric group. A significantly higher mean width of the third ventricle was also detected in geriatric animals. There were no statistically significant differences between lateral ventricular dimensions and encephalic parenchymal attenuation on pre and post-contrast CT phases. The results of the present study show an increase in the incidence of falx cerebri calcification and a third ventricular dilatation with advancing age in cats. Future researches using MRI scanners and a greater quantity of cats are needed in order to identify supplementary age-related changes.INDEX TERMS: Cat, cerebral aging, computed tomographic imaging, neuroanatomy.1 Received on January 1, 2015.Accepted for publication on December 10, 2015. maior quantidade de gatos são necessárias a fim de se identificar alterações complementares relacionadas à idade.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic features of the feline brain change with advancing age?

et al. 2015

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“…Increased ventricular volume is a hallmark of aging in human MRI studies (Condon et al, 1988;Sullivan et al, 2002). Two previous in vivo studies in aging dogs reported increased total ventricular volume with age (Vite et al, 1997;Su et al, 1998), a finding later confirmed in vitro (González-Soriano et al, 2001). Dilation of the anterior portion of the lateral ventricle may represent a hallmark of advanced age in the dog, but it is unclear from the present study whether the degree of dilation is any greater than the total dilation of ventricles in old dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Frontal Lobe Volume, Function, and β-Amyloid Pathology in a Canine Model of Aging

Tapp¹,

Siwak²,

Gao³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

147

115

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Application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques reveals that human brain aging varies across cortical regions. One area particularly sensitive to normal aging is the frontal lobes. In vitro neuropathological studies and behavioral measures in a canine model of aging previously suggested that the frontal lobes of the dog might be sensitive to aging. In the present study, MRI scans were acquired to compare age-related changes in frontal lobe volume with changes in executive functions and ␤-amyloid pathology in the frontal cortex of beagle dogs aged 3 months to 15 years. Decreases in total brain volume appeared only in senior dogs (aged 12 years and older), whereas frontal lobe atrophy developed earlier, appearing in the old dogs (aged 8 -11 years). Hippocampal volume also declined with age, but not occipital lobe volume past maturity. Reduced frontal lobe volume correlated with impaired performance on measures of executive function, including inhibitory control and complex working memory, and with increased ␤-amyloid accumulation in the frontal cortex. Age-related hippocampal atrophy also correlated with complex working memory but not inhibitory control, whereas occipital lobe volume did not correlate with any cognitive measure. These findings are consistent with the frontal lobe theory of aging in humans, which suggests that the frontal lobes and functions subserved by this region are compromised early in aging.

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“…However, this correlation is not linear because the ventricular volume gradually increases until the age of 10, after which the increase is much more pronounced. This pronounced increase is associated with brain aging atrophy, which induces ventricular system enlargement [43][44][45][46][47]. In addition, significant differences were seen between the specimen's body weight and the LVV, as reported by Vite et al [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Comparison between ultrasonography and computed tomography images for planning and neuronavigation in brain surgeries in dogs as an animal model

Carreira

Universitário²,

Ajuda³

2015

Glob Anesth Perioper Med

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Objectives: The brain's inner cavities containing cerebrospinal fluid are referred to as ventricles, which are easily identified in an ultrasonographic (US) image as hypoecogenic and in computed tomography (CT) as hypodense. Imaging has become essential to planning and neuronavigation in brain surgeries, serving to guide the surgeon through the organ. The study aimed to 1) compare ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) measurements of lateral ventricle volumes (LVV) in dogs to determine their level of agreement and 2) understand their influence on surgical planning and neuronavigation. Materials and methods:Measurements were taken from a sample of 24 LVVs from 12 brachycephalic dog cadavers. First, 2 mm slices of the dogs' brains were scanned with the CT machine. The US brain scan technique was performed using a transducer of 7.5 MHz over the brain after craniotomy placement. This procedure was useful in simulating the brain neuronavigation technique in a two-dimensional scenario. A P value less than 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. Results:A comparison of the US and CT images showing measurements of the right and left LVVs showed no statistically significant differences between the LVVs, allowing us to conclude that US is a reliable technique to planning and neuronavigation in brain surgeries. Conclusion:As a result US is of great value in the everyday practice and areas working with limited resources such as in veterinary medicine, or even in a zooubitquity context, since in some human's hospitals of developing countries or in some rural and remote areas, access to CT, magnetic resonance MR techniques, and neuronavigation systems are limited to point high-technology centers, unlike the sonography (US). Therefore, US it is a reliable technique to planning and neuronavigation in brain surgeries, thus promoting patient safety and surgeon success.

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Age-related changes in the ventricular system of the dog brain

Cited by 44 publications

References 36 publications

Computed tomographic features of the feline brain change with advancing age?

Computed tomographic features of the feline brain change with advancing age?

Frontal Lobe Volume, Function, and β-Amyloid Pathology in a Canine Model of Aging

Comparison between ultrasonography and computed tomography images for planning and neuronavigation in brain surgeries in dogs as an animal model

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