Age-related changes in upper body adaptation to walking speed in human locomotion

The effect of aging on gait parameters in able-bodied older subjects: a literature review

“…] Menz et al [21], and Lockhart et al [26]-reported the transitional acceleration of the whole body COM and that accelerations of head and pelvis was significantly slower than younger participants even though the walking velocity of older participants was slower; however, Schrager et al [25] in 2008 demonstrated greater and faster lateral motion of the center of mass in the elderly subjects (p \ 0.001); in addition, pelvic rotations in sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes of motion were systematically reduced with aging (p \ 0.05) [40,50]. Van Emmerik et al showed reduced trunk flexion-extension in the sagittal plane and increased trunk axial rotation in the transverse plane in older subjects.…”

The relationship between pelvis–trunk coordination and low back pain in individuals with transfemoral amputations

“…The lack of other differences may be due to the walking speeds selected relative to other studies. Previous studies that have found changes in CRP with increasing speed have all used wider ranges of walking speeds [13,19,28]. The restricted range of speeds was chosen to match the abilities of the TFA group and is therefore, a possible reason that a phase transition with speed was not observed in all conditions.…”

Effect of changing visual condition and frequency of horizontal oscillations on postural balance of standing healthy subjects

“…Indeed, it should be noted that balance and walking are strictly correlated and that during walking, an age-related strategy of upper body balance has been documented that involves body rotational movements [15] and arm oscillations, which depend on walking velocities, to stabilize the trunk [16].…”