Age-related changes of muscle and plasma amino acids in healthy children

Hammarqvist, Folke; Angsten, Gertrud; Meurling, S; Andersson, Kerstin; Wernerman, Jan

doi:10.1007/s00726-009-0446-1

Cited by 22 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…With regard to ornithine, in our subjects, the levels of this amino acid were about 50% higher compared to those previously described in healthy children of a similar age [23,24]. A weak increase in plasma ornithine between six and sixteen years of age was reported by Lepage et al [23], which was confirmed in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Accordingly, an increase of homoarginine with age in our healthy children and adolescents might result from gradual maturation of the pathways controlling homoarginine metabolism. An age-dependency of plasma concentrations of several amino acids had previously been described in a healthy pediatric population [23,24], nevertheless, homoarginine was not measured in those studies. Additionally, in contrast to homoarginine, plasma arginine was independent of age in our study group, in agreement with a previous report on 54 healthy children with a mean age of 11.9 ± 4.6 years [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Opposite Associations of Plasma Homoarginine and Ornithine with Arginine in Healthy Children and Adolescents

Jaźwińska-Kozuba¹,

Martens‐Lobenhoffer

Kruszelnicka

et al. 2013

IJMS

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Homoarginine, a non-proteinogenic amino acid, is formed when lysine replaces ornithine in reactions catalyzed by hepatic urea cycle enzymes or lysine substitutes for glycine as a substrate of renal arginine:glycine amidinotransferase. Decreased circulating homoarginine and elevated ornithine, a downstream product of arginase, predict adverse cardiovascular outcome. Our aim was to investigate correlates of plasma homoarginine and ornithine and their relations with carotid vascular structure in 40 healthy children and adolescents aged 3–18 years without coexistent diseases or subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Homoarginine, ornithine, arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with stable isotope-labeled internal standards. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and extra-medial thickness (EMT) of common carotid arteries were estimated by B-mode ultrasound. Homoarginine correlated with arginine (r = 0.43, p = 0.005), age (r = 0.42, p = 0.007) and, weakly, with an increased arginine-to-ornithine ratio, a putative measure of lower arginase activity (r = 0.31, p = 0.048). Ornithine correlated inversely with arginine (r = −0.64, p < 0.001). IMT, EMT or their sum were unrelated to any of the biochemical parameters (p > 0.12). Thus, opposite associations of plasma homoarginine and ornithine with arginine may partially result from possible involvement of arginase, an enzyme controlling homoarginine degradation and ornithine synthesis from arginine. Age-dependency of homoarginine levels can reflect developmental changes in homoarginine metabolism. However, neither homoarginine nor ornithine appears to be associated with carotid vascular structure in healthy children and adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposite Associations of Plasma Homoarginine and Ornithine with Arginine in Healthy Children and Adolescents

Jaźwińska-Kozuba¹,

Martens‐Lobenhoffer

Kruszelnicka

et al. 2013

IJMS

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“…As observed previously, plasma methionine, tHcy and cysteine increased with age [33], [34]. We observed that tCys in both genders and methionine in girls reached a plateau around puberty.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Association of Cysteine with Obesity, Inflammatory Cytokines and Insulin Resistance in Hispanic Children and Adolescents

et al. 2012

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ContextPlasma total cysteine (tCys) independently relates to fat mass in adults. Dietary cyst(e)ine promotes adiposity and decreases glucose tolerance in some rodent models, but alleviates insulin resistance in others.ObjectiveTo investigate whether the association of tCys with body fat extends to children at particular risk of obesity, and whether tCys is associated with insulin resistance and obesity-associated inflammation.MethodsWe explored the cross-sectional relations of fasting plasma tCys and related metabolites with body composition measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 984 Hispanic children and adolescents aged 4–19 years from the Viva La Familia Study. Linear and logistic regression and dose-response curves were used to evaluate relations of tCys with obesity, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP).ResultstCys, methionine and total homocysteine (tHcy) increased with age. Upper tCys quartile was independently associated with a 5-fold increased risk of obesity (95% CI 3.5–8.0, P<0.001), and 2-fold risk of insulin resistance (95% CI: 1.6-5.0, P<0.001; adjusted for body fat%). Within the overweight/obese subgroup, but not in normal-weight children, tCys accounted for 9% of the variability in body fat% (partial r = 0.30, P<0.001; adjusted for age and gender). tCys correlated positively with serum non-esterified fatty acids and leptin, partly independent of body fat, but was not associated with serum IL-6, TNF-α or MCP-1. A positive correlation with CRP disappeared after adjustment for BMI.ConclusiontCys is independently associated with obesity and insulin resistance in Hispanic children and adolescents, highlighting a previously underappreciated link between the sulfur amino acid metabolic pathway and obesity and cardiometabolic risk.

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“…Healthy neonates show similar plasma glutamine concentrations as adults, although the scatter is larger (Hammarqvist et al 2010;Oladipo et al 2011). Critically ill neonates on the other hand show low plasma glutamine concentrations (Becker et al 2000;Oladipo et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Plasma glutamine deficiency is associated with multiple organ failure in critically ill children

et al. 2014

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A low plasma glutamine concentration (<420 µmol/L) is an independent risk factor for mortality in critically ill adult patients. Glutamine metabolism in children is less well characterized. However, pediatric ICU (PICU) mortality is low and, therefore, mortality is difficult to use as an endpoint. Here we evaluated if plasma glutamine concentration at admission to the PICU, relates to the development of multiple organ failure, using pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score (PELOD)-score. In this observational study, consecutive critically ill children (n = 149) admitted to the PICU of a tertiary university hospital as well as a reference group of healthy children (n = 60) were included. Plasma glutamine concentration and the PELOD were determined at admission for all patients and at day 5 for those patients still in the PICU. Plasma glutamine concentration at admission was low in the PICU patients as compared to controls (p = 0.00002) and patients with a low plasma glutamine concentration had more organ failure as compared to patients with higher plasma glutamine concentration (p = 0.0001). Plasma glutamine concentration normalized in patients staying >5 days in the PICU. Plasma glutamine depletion was present in 40 % of patients at PICU admission and it was associated with the development of multiple organ failure. Furthermore, the majority of the critically ill children normalized their plasma glutamine concentration within 5 days, which is different from adult ICU patients. The study suggests that an initial plasma glutamine deficiency is associated with multiple organ failure in critically ill children.

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Age-related changes of muscle and plasma amino acids in healthy children

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Opposite Associations of Plasma Homoarginine and Ornithine with Arginine in Healthy Children and Adolescents

Opposite Associations of Plasma Homoarginine and Ornithine with Arginine in Healthy Children and Adolescents

The Association of Cysteine with Obesity, Inflammatory Cytokines and Insulin Resistance in Hispanic Children and Adolescents

Plasma glutamine deficiency is associated with multiple organ failure in critically ill children

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