Age-related cortical thickness differences in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia compared with healthy adolescents

Thormodsen, Rune; Rimol, Lars M.; Tamnes, Christian K.; Juuhl-Langseth, Monica; Holmén, Aina; Emblem, Kyrre E.; Rund, Bjørn Rishovd; Agartz, Ingrid

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.07.003

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In the present study, we did not find a significant age effect on grey matter volume or thickness in schizophrenia, although some previous studies reported such an effect (Thormodsen et al, 2013). A small range of age in our sample could be the reason for this negative result.…”

Section: Regioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Comparison of grey matter volume and thickness for analysing cortical changes in chronic schizophrenia: A matter of surface area, grey/white matter intensity contrast, and curvature

Kong

Herold

Zöllner

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Section: Regioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Comparison of grey matter volume and thickness for analysing cortical changes in chronic schizophrenia: A matter of surface area, grey/white matter intensity contrast, and curvature

Kong

Herold

Zöllner

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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“…The present findings may indicate that individual differences in offset and/or rate of thinning would be more relevant measures of cortical development than timing of peak cortical thickness. Several recent studies have found thinner cortex to be predictive of favorable cognitive development in school age years in a variety of cognitive domains (31-37), as well as in neurodevelopmental conditions such as schizophrenia (28,38). However, it is important to note that also positive associations between cognitive function and cortical thickness have been found in childhood and adolescence (39,40) and that symptoms of neurodevelopmental conditions and risk factors have been associated with thinner cortex as well (41)(42)(43)(44), even in age-varying ways (45,46) [see Vuoksimaa et al for a more in-depth discussion on the relationship between cortical thickness and general cognitive abilities (47)].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and aging of cortical thickness correspond to genetic organization patterns

Fjell

Grydeland

Krogsrud

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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225

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There is a growing realization that early life influences have lasting impact on brain function and structure. Recent research has demonstrated that genetic relationships in adults can be used to parcellate the cortex into regions of maximal shared genetic influence, and a major hypothesis is that genetically programmed neurodevelopmental events cause a lasting impact on the organization of the cerebral cortex observable decades later. Here we tested how developmental and lifespan changes in cortical thickness fit the underlying genetic organizational principles of cortical thickness in a longitudinal sample of 974 participants between 4.1 and 88.5 y of age with a total of 1,633 scans, including 773 scans from children below 12 y. Genetic clustering of cortical thickness was based on an independent dataset of 406 adult twins. Developmental and adult age-related changes in cortical thickness followed closely the genetic organization of the cerebral cortex, with change rates varying as a function of genetic similarity between regions. Cortical regions with overlapping genetic architecture showed correlated developmental and adult age change trajectories and vice versa for regions with low genetic overlap. Thus, effects of genes on regional variations in cortical thickness in middle age can be traced to regional differences in neurodevelopmental change rates and extrapolated to further adult aging-related cortical thinning. This finding suggests that genetic factors contribute to cortical changes through life and calls for a lifespan perspective in research aimed at identifying the genetic and environmental determinants of cortical development and aging.here is a growing realization that events during development impact brain and cognition throughout the entire lifespan (1). For instance, the major portion of the relationship between cortical thickness and IQ in old age can be explained by childhood IQ (2), and genotype may explain a substantial part of the lifetime stability in intelligence (3). Effects of genes on the organization of the cortex have been shown in adults (4-6), but it is unknown whether and how regional differences in cortical development correspond to these regional genetic subdivisions.Although consensus has not been reached for the exact trajectories, cortical thickness as measured by MRI appears to decrease in childhood (7-12). The exact foundation for this thinning is not known, as MRI provides merely representations of the underlying neurobiology, and available histological data cannot with certainty be used to guide interpretations of MRI results. Although speculative, apparent thickness decrease may be grounded in factors such as synaptic pruning and intracortical myelination, although the link between established synaptic processes (13-15) and cortical thickness has not been empirically confirmed. After childhood, cortical thinning continues throughout the remainder of the lifespan, speculated to reflect neuronal shrinkage and reductions in number of spines and synapses (16), although sim...

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“…It has been shown that CTh can be reliably measured both globally as well as locally in healthy subjects and in patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders [9–11]. The currently used automated techniques [12, 13] estimate CTh using three main analysis steps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter lesion filling improves the accuracy of cortical thickness measurements in multiple sclerosis patients: a longitudinal study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that white matter (WM) lesions bias automated brain tissue classifications and cerebral volume measurements. However, filling WM lesions using the intensity of neighbouring normal-appearing WM has been shown to increase the accuracy of automated volume measurements in the brain. In the present study, we investigate the influence of WM lesions on cortical thickness (CTh) measures and assessed the impact of lesion filling on both cross-sectional/longitudinal and global/regional measurements of CTh in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.MethodsFifty MS patients were studied at baseline as well as after three and six years of follow-up. CTh was estimated using a fully automated pipeline (CIVET) on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images data acquired at 1.5 Tesla without (original) and with WM lesion filling (filled). WM lesions were semi-automatically segmented and then filled with the mean intensity of the neighbouring voxels. For both original and filled T1 images we investigated and compared the main CIVET’s steps: tissue classification, surfaces generation and CTh measurement.ResultsOn the original T1 images, the majority of WM lesion volume (72%) was wrongly classified as gray matter (GM). After lesion filling the accuracy of WM lesions classification improved significantly (p < 0.001, 94% of WM lesion volume correctly classified) as well as the WM surface generation (p < 0.0001). The mean CTh computed on the original T1 images, overall time points, was significantly thinner (p < 0.001) compared the CTh estimated on the filled T1 images. The vertex-wise longitudinal analysis performed on the filled T1 images showed an increased number of vertices in the fronto-temporal region with a significantly decrease of CTh over time compared the analysis performed on the original images.ConclusionThese results indicate that WM lesions bias the CTh estimation both cross-sectionally as well as longitudinally. The lesion filling approach significantly improved the accuracy of the regional CTh estimation and has an impact also on the global estimation of CTh.

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Age-related cortical thickness differences in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia compared with healthy adolescents

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

Comparison of grey matter volume and thickness for analysing cortical changes in chronic schizophrenia: A matter of surface area, grey/white matter intensity contrast, and curvature

Comparison of grey matter volume and thickness for analysing cortical changes in chronic schizophrenia: A matter of surface area, grey/white matter intensity contrast, and curvature

Development and aging of cortical thickness correspond to genetic organization patterns

White matter lesion filling improves the accuracy of cortical thickness measurements in multiple sclerosis patients: a longitudinal study

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