Age-related differences in attentional cost associated with postural dual tasks: Increased recruitment of generic cognitive resources in older adults

Boisgontier, Matthieu P.; Beets, Iseult; Duysens, Jacques; Nieuwboer, Alice; Krampe, Ralf; Swinnen, Stephan P.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.014

Cited by 253 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…However, even simple multi-tasking causes negative impacts on body balance and obstruction avoidance [13][14][15]. If one cannot locate a possible obstruction because of a lower awareness level, a trip or a fall will be expected [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels

Cha

Kim

Park

et al. 2015

PTRS

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Objective: This study was conducted to test the effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twelve healthy adults aged 20 to 36 years (mean 23.5 years) were tested under six different conditions. All participants used touchscreen smartphones. Testing conditions included: 1) Walking with an obstruction under a bright illumination level; 2) walking with an obstruction with a low level of illumination; 3) walking with an obstruction while texting under a bright illumination level; 4) walking with an obstruction while texting with a low level of illumination; 5) walking with an obstruction while gaming under a bright illumination level; and 6) walking with an obstruction while gaming with a low level of illumination. All participants were asked to text the Korean national anthem by their own phone and play Temple Run 2 using an iPhone 5. Gait variances were measured over a distance of 3 m, and the mean value after three trials was used. A gait analyzer was used to measure the data. Results: Compared to normal gait with obstruction, gait speed, step length, stride length, step time, stride time, cadence while texting and gaming showed significant differences (p<0.05). Differences between the illumination levels included gait speed, step length, stride length, and step time (p<0.05) with no significant differences in stride time and cadence. Conclusions: Dual-tasking using a smartphone under low levels of illumination lowers the quality of gait with obstructions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels

Cha

Kim

Park

et al. 2015

PTRS

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“…Furthermore, we also observed an unexpected increase in sway amplitude when time pressure was introduced. However, both these findings can be interpreted in the context of cognitive resource allocation, and its well-established interactions with postural control (Boisgontier et al 2013) and stress (Eysenck and Calvo 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…There is a large body of evidence (for a review, see Boisgontier et al 2013), suggesting that postural control relies on cognitive resources. This reliance is primarily used by older adults-who use cognitive resources to prioritize balance using a 'posture first strategy' to avoid falls-but also by young adults (Maylor et al 2001;Doumas et al 2008a;Smolders et al 2010;Doumas and Krampe 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitively and socially induced stress affects postural control

2017

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Postural control is an adaptive process that can be affected by many aspects of human behavior, including emotional contexts. The main emotional contexts that affect postural control are postural threat and passive viewing of aversive or threatening images, both of which produce a reduction in postural sway. The aim of the present study was to assess whether similar stress-related changes in postural sway can be observed using stress induced by social evaluative threat (SET) while performing arithmetic tasks. Twelve young adults performed an arithmetic and a postural control task separately, concurrently, and concurrently with added time pressure in the arithmetic task. In the final condition, participants were given negative feedback about their performance in the arithmetic task and performed it again while being observed (SET condition). Results showed that stress increased linearly with task demand. Postural sway and reaction times were not affected by the first two conditions; however, when time pressure was introduced, reaction times became faster and sway amplitude increased. Finally, introduction of SET caused the predicted reduction in postural sway and an increase in reaction times relative to the time pressure condition. Our results suggest that stress induced using a combination of arithmetic tasks and social evaluative threat leads to systematic changes in postural control. The paradigm developed in the present study would be very useful in assessing interactions between cognition, stress, and postural control in the context of postural instability and falls in older adults.

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“…Healthy young adults (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) years, N = 36), community dwelling chronic stroke survivors (50-70 years, N =36) and age-matched healthy adults (50-70 years, N = 36) participated in the study. The information about type of stroke was obtained from subjects' physicians.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional Demands of Locomotor and Balance Tasks in Individuals Aging with and without a Stroke

Patel¹,

Bhatt²

2017

Int J Phys Ther Rehabil

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Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive-motor interference pattern while concurrently performing a higher cognitive task with three dynamic postural tasks -limits of stability (intentional balance), compensatory stepping during (reactive balance -RB) and walking tasks across younger adults (YA), older adults (OA) and older chronic stroke survivors.Methods: Thirty-six individuals in each group performed either of the three postural tasks -forward limits of stability (LOS, intentional balance), forward compensatory stepping (reactive balance -RB) and walking task (gait) with (dual-task) and without (single-task) performing a serial subtraction (SS) task. The SS tasks was also performed in isolation. Maximum center of pressure excursion (MXE) for LOS, center of mass position relative to base of support at step touchdown for RB, gait velocity and number of correct responses for SS task were measured. Motor and cognitive costs were calculated. Results:The healthy adults showed higher motor cost for more dynamic gait and RB tasks compared with the LOS task however, motor costs were similar for all the tasks in the stroke group. Although the motor cost for OA and stroke groups were more than YAs for all postural tasks, motor cost was significantly greater in stroke group than OA group only for the LOS task. Conclusion:The attentional demands are higher for postural task that are biomechanically unstable in healthy adults. Chronic stroke survivors show disproportionate ability to divide attention seen by higher motor cost during LOS task. Nevertheless, in chronic phase of recovery, stroke survivors may regain some dual-task function displaying similar strategies as healthy counterparts. Int J Phys Ther RehabIJPTR, an open access journal

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Age-related differences in attentional cost associated with postural dual tasks: Increased recruitment of generic cognitive resources in older adults

Cited by 253 publications

References 152 publications

Effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels

Effects of mobile texting and gaming on gait with obstructions under different illumination levels

Cognitively and socially induced stress affects postural control

Attentional Demands of Locomotor and Balance Tasks in Individuals Aging with and without a Stroke

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