Age-related differences in factors associated with smoking initiation

Wilkinson, Anna V.; Schabath, Matthew B.; Prokhorov, Alexander V.; Spitz, Margaret R.

doi:10.1007/s10552-007-9008-6

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Prior studies based in Europe and several studies based in the United States, Iran, Thailand, and Mexico found that friends and family exert a strong influence on a woman's decision to start smoking (32)(33)(34)(35)(36). However, parent smoking was not associated with knowledge and beliefs about smoking in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Knowledge and Beliefs about Smoking and Cancer among Women in Five European Countries

Dresler

Heck

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Lung cancer mortality in women is increasing across Europe, reflecting the alarming increase in smoking prevalence. Understanding women's perception of smoking may help to identify ways to reduce its prevalence and prevent uptake of smoking. The aim of this study was to examine factors associated with knowledge and beliefs about smoking and cancer among European women.Methods: A cross-sectional landline telephone survey on health attitudes and knowledge was conducted in five European countries: France, Ireland, Italy, the Czech Republic, and Sweden. A general linear modeling was used to explore the factors related to knowledge and beliefs about smoking and cancer.Results: A total of 5,000 women were interviewed (1,000 women from each country). The mean knowledge and belief scores about smoking and cancer were lower in current smokers than those of never and former smokers (P < 0.05). Women with above-the-median income (P = 0.001) and women who held skilled occupations seemed to be more knowledgeable about tobacco health risks (P < 0.001). The number of friends and family who smoked was inversely associated with knowledge on the harmful effects of tobacco (P = 0.001). Swedish women were the most knowledgeable about tobacco-related cancer risk, whereas in France and Italy, current smokers were less knowledgeable.Conclusions: Knowledge and beliefs about cancer and smoking varied significantly by smoking status. Impact: Results emphasize the need to develop health education programs that enhance cancer knowledge among women who currently smoke and are in low socioeconomic groups. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Knowledge and Beliefs about Smoking and Cancer among Women in Five European Countries

Dresler

Heck

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Accordingly, a greater degree of nicotine-induced excitability in cholinergic LDT neurons demonstrated in the present study could play a part in the higher susceptibility to nicotine addiction seen in younger individuals. It will be of interest to determine whether the decrease in nicotinic-mediated cholinergic cellular excitability noted in the ranges of ages examined demonstrates the same trajectory across a larger range of ontogenetic periods, which may explain why initiation of smoking at an early age is associated with a high risk of development of nicotine dependence, whereas exposure to nicotine at older ages is less likely to lead to addiction (Chen and Millar, 1998; Kendler et al, 2013; Wilkinson et al, 2007). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in nicotine response of cholinergic and non-cholinergic laterodorsal tegmental neurons: Implications for the heightened adolescent susceptibility to nicotine addiction

et al. 2014

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The younger an individual starts smoking, the greater the likelihood that addiction to nicotine will develop, suggesting that neurobiological responses vary across age to the addictive component of cigarettes. Cholinergic neurons of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) are importantly involved in the development of addiction, however, the effects of nicotine on LDT neuronal excitability across ontogeny are unknown. Nicotinic effects on several parameters affecting LDT cells across different age groups were examined using calcium imaging and whole-cell patch clamping. Within the youngest age group (P7-P15), nicotine was found to induce larger intracellular calcium transients and inward currents. Nicotine induced a greater number of excitatory synaptic currents in the youngest animals, whereas larger amplitude inhibitory synaptic events were induced in cells from the oldest animals (P15-P34). Nicotine increased neuronal firing of cholinergic cells to a greater degree in younger animals, possibly linked to development associated differences found in nicotinic effects on action potential shape and afterhyperpolarization. We conclude that in addition to age-associated alterations of several properties expected to affect resting cell excitability, parameters affecting cell excitability are altered by nicotine differentially across ontogeny. Taken together, our data suggest that nicotine induces a larger excitatory response in cholinergic LDT neurons from the youngest animals, which could result in a greater excitatory output from these cells to target regions involved in development of addiction. Such output would be expected to be promotive of addiction; therefore, ontogenetic differences in nicotine-mediated increases in the excitability of the LDT could contribute to the differential susceptibility to nicotine addiction seen across age.

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“…Parental, sibling, and friend smoking all have been shown to be strongly associated with an individual's smoking status [6-13]. Low academic achievement as well as low socioeconomic status are also associated with smoking status [8,12,14-16]. Women, just like men, begin to smoke in increasing proportions in the population because of marketing [17] and the tobacco industry significantly targets women with focused advertisements and promotions [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of smoking initiation among women in five European countries: a cross-sectional survey

Heck

Dresler

et al. 2010

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundThe rate of smoking and lung cancer among women is rising in Europe. The primary aim of this study was to determine why women begin smoking in five different European countries at different stages of the tobacco epidemic and to determine if smoking is associated with certain characteristics and/or beliefs about smoking.MethodsA cross-sectional telephone survey on knowledge and beliefs about tobacco was conducted as part of the Women in Europe Against Lung Cancer and Smoking (WELAS) Project. A total of 5 000 adult women from France, Ireland, Italy, Czech Republic, and Sweden were interviewed, with 1 000 from each participating country. All participants were asked questions about demographics, knowledge and beliefs about smoking, and their tobacco use background. Current and former smokers also were asked questions about smoking initiation. Basic statistics on the cross-sectional data was reported with chi-squared and ANOVA p-values. Logistic regression was used to analyze ever versus never smokers. Linear regression analyses were used to analyze age of smoking initiation.ResultsBeing older, being divorced, having friends/family who smoke, and having parents who smoke were all significantly associated with ever smoking, though the strength of the associations varied by country. The most frequently reported reason for initiation smoking was friend smoking, with 62.3% of ever smokers reporting friends as one of the reasons why they began smoking. Mean age of smoking initiation was 18.2 years and over 80% of participants started smoking by the age of 20. The highest levels of young initiators were in Sweden with 29.3% of women initiating smoking at age 14-15 and 12.0% initiating smoking younger than age 14. The lowest level of young initiators was in the Czech Republic with 13.7% of women initiating smoking at age 14-15 and 1.4% of women initiating smoking younger than age 14. Women who started smoking because their friends smoked or to look 'cool' were more likely to start smoking at a younger age. Women who started smoking to manage stress or to feel less depressed were more likely to start smoking at an older age.ConclusionsIn all five participating countries, friends were the primary factor influencing ever smoking, especially among younger women. The majority of participants began smoking in adolescence and the average reported age of smoking initiation was youngest in Sweden and oldest in the Czech Republic.

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Age-related differences in factors associated with smoking initiation

Cited by 27 publications

References 46 publications

Knowledge and Beliefs about Smoking and Cancer among Women in Five European Countries

Knowledge and Beliefs about Smoking and Cancer among Women in Five European Countries

Age-related changes in nicotine response of cholinergic and non-cholinergic laterodorsal tegmental neurons: Implications for the heightened adolescent susceptibility to nicotine addiction

Determinants of smoking initiation among women in five European countries: a cross-sectional survey

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