Age-related differences in functional tool-use are due to changes in movement quality and not simply motor slowing

Hooyman, Andrew; Wang, Peiyuan; Schaefer, Sydney Y.

doi:10.1007/s00221-021-06084-x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Here, ceiling effects of compensatory neural recruitment in older, but not younger, adults may have resulted incomplete task acquisition (evidenced by markedly reduced raw motor performance) in the older sample, perhaps contributing to later impairments in skill transfer. Additionally, age-related impairments in specific sensorimotor processes including force modulation, upper extremity tool (e.g., computer mouse) use, and visuomotor rotation could have contributed to older adults' diminished skill at all time points [27][28][29]. For example, speculatively, the older adult sample might have experienced greater difficulty making fine motor adjustments of the computer mouse than their younger counterparts on this motor task, resulting in both larger magnitudes of error and greater correction durations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Differences in Motor Skill Transfer with Brief Memory Reactivation

Tomlin,

Johnson,

Westlake

2024

Brain Sciences

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Motor memories can be strengthened through online practice and offline consolidation. Offline consolidation involves the stabilization of memory traces in post-practice periods. Following initial consolidation of a motor memory, subsequent practice of the motor skill can lead to reactivation and reconsolidation of the memory trace. The length of motor memory reactivation may influence motor learning outcomes; for example, brief, as opposed to long, practice of a previously learned motor skill appears to optimize intermanual transfer in healthy young adults. However, the influence of aging on reactivation-based motor learning has been scarcely explored. Here, the effects of brief and long motor memory reactivation schedules on the retention and intermanual transfer of a visuomotor tracing task are explored in healthy older adults. Forty older adults practiced a virtual star-tracing task either three (“brief reactivation”) or ten (“long reactivation”) times per session over a two-week period. Comparison with a previously reported group of younger adults revealed significant age-related differences in the effect of the motor memory reactivation schedule on the intermanual transfer of the motor task. In older adults, unlike younger adults, no significant between-group differences were found by practice condition in the speed, accuracy, or skill of intermanual task transfer. That is, motor task transfer in healthy younger, but not older, adults appears to benefit from brief memory reactivation. These results support the use of age-specific motor training approaches and may inform motor practice scheduling, with possible implications for physical rehabilitation, sport, and music.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Differences in Motor Skill Transfer with Brief Memory Reactivation

Tomlin,

Johnson,

Westlake

2024

Brain Sciences

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“…On the other hand, some studies have confirmed that the decline in children's physical fitness is closely related to physical inactivity [51]. Physical inactivity among children has become a global universal problem, especially among children left behind in rural than urban areas [52]. Related research confirms that children with higher screen time spend less time engaged in TPA (Total of Physical Activity), MVPA (Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity), and VPA, and more time in static behavior (chiefly screen-time behavior) [53].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between screen time and gross motor movement: A cross-sectional study of pre-school aged left-behind children in China

Yuan,

Zhang,

Song

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Objective To investigate the level of screen time and gross motor movement level and the correlation between them in left-behind children aged 3 to 6 years old in China. Methods A randomized whole-group sampling method was used to study 817 left-behind children aged 3–6 years in 15 kindergartens in Xiangcheng city, Henan province. The third version of the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-3) was used to test the children’s gross motor movement level, and the screen time questionnaire was used to test the children’s screen time level. The relationship between the two and the indicators was explored using Pearson’s two-sided correlation and multilevel regression. Results The average daily screen time of left-behind children aged 3–6 years old increased with age, and the reporting rate of >2 h/d ranged from 22.43% to 33.73%; gross motor movement of left-behind children aged 3–6 years old increased with age, with significant differences between age (p<0.05). There was a low to moderate negative correlation (r = -0.133 to -0.354, p<0.05) between screen time and gross motor movement in children aged 3–6 years, and multiple regression analysis showed that screen time was predictive of gross motor movement in children (p<0.05), with an explanation rate of 21.4%. Conclusion There is a correlation between screen time and gross motor movement development in children aged 3–6 years old left behind, and the gross motor movement ability of children aged 3–6 years old can be developed by reducing screen time and increasing physical activity.

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“…Furthermore, explicit not implicit sensorimotor adaptation seems to occur at a slower rate in the elderly (Heuer and Hegele 2011 ; King et al 2013 ; Lei and Wang 2018 ). However, explicit cognitive processes and neurophysiological motor control mechanisms behind age related changes are still far from clear and are also in need of further study (Cirillo 2021 ; Hooyman et al 2021 ; Semmler et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor learning and performance in schizophrenia and aging: two different patterns of decline

Hulstijn,

Cornelis,

Morsel

et al. 2024

Exp Brain Res

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Psychomotor slowing has consistently been observed in schizophrenia, however research on motor learning in schizophrenia is limited. Additionally, motor learning in schizophrenia has never been compared with the waning of motor learning abilities in the elderly. Therefore, in an extensive study, 30 individuals with schizophrenia, 30 healthy age-matched controls and 30 elderly participants were compared on sensorimotor learning tasks including sequence learning and adaptation (both explicit and implicit), as well as tracking and aiming. This paper presents new findings on an explicit motor sequence learning task, an explicit verbal learning task and a simple aiming task and summarizes all previously published findings of this large investigation. Individuals with schizophrenia and elderly had slower Movement Time (MT)s compared with controls in all tasks, however both groups improved over time. Elderly participants learned slower on tracking and explicit sequence learning while individuals with schizophrenia adapted slower and to a lesser extent to movement perturbations in adaptation tasks and performed less well on cognitive tests including the verbal learning task. Results suggest that motor slowing is present in schizophrenia and the elderly, however both groups show significant but different motor skill learning. Cognitive deficits seem to interfere with motor learning and performance in schizophrenia while task complexity and decreased movement precision interferes with motor learning in the elderly, reflecting different underlying patterns of decline in these conditions. In addition, evidence for motor slowing together with impaired implicit adaptation supports the influence of cerebellum and the cerebello-thalamo-cortical-cerebellar (CTCC) circuits in schizophrenia, important for further understanding the pathophysiology of the disorder.

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Age-related differences in functional tool-use are due to changes in movement quality and not simply motor slowing

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Age-Related Differences in Motor Skill Transfer with Brief Memory Reactivation

Age-Related Differences in Motor Skill Transfer with Brief Memory Reactivation

The relationship between screen time and gross motor movement: A cross-sectional study of pre-school aged left-behind children in China

Motor learning and performance in schizophrenia and aging: two different patterns of decline

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