Age-related differences in the motoric aspects of transcription typing skill.

Bosman, Elizabeth A.

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.8.1.87

Cited by 108 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The freed controlled processes might then be allocable to other aspects of task performance, such as preparing for movement. Older skilled typists, for example, appear to plan finger movements earlier than less experienced typists, as measured by how far ahead they look at text during transcription typing (Bosman, 1993;Salthouse, 1984). In summary, the best evidence for an age-moderating effect of expertise comes from studies of perceptual and motor skills, in which expert performers have the advantage of more automated responding and potentially more spare capacity than novice performers.…”

Section: When Expertise Reduces Age Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Ability, Expertise, and Age Differences in Following Air-Traffic Control Instructions.

Taylor¹,

O’Hara²,

Mumenthaler³

et al. 2005

Psychology and Aging

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Differences in cognitive ability and domain-specific expertise may help explain age differences in pilot performance. Pilots heard air-traffic controller messages and then executed them while "flying" in a simulator. Messages varied in length and speech rate. Age was associated with lower accuracy, but the expected Age ϫ Message Difficulty interactions were not obtained. Expertise, as indexed by pilot ratings, was associated with higher accuracy; yet expertise did not reduce age differences in accuracy. The effect of age on communication task accuracy was largely explainable as an age-associated decrease in working memory span, which in turn was explainable as decreases in both speed and interference control. Results are discussed within frameworks of deliberate practice and cognitive mediation of age differences.How well do theoretical models of cognitive aging explain age-related differences in performance of real-world tasks? Do age-related reductions in the efficiency of working memory (WM) matter when the task is familiar and its execution has been honed by experience? Although a few studies of age and expertise have addressed these questions, the results have been inconsistent. In this study of pilots' executions of air-traffic controller (ATC) communications, we examined differences in aviation performance related to age and expertise, as well as the potential for expertise to moderate the effect that age has on aviation communication performance. On average, older pilots recall ATC communications less well than younger pilots

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Section: When Expertise Reduces Age Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This particular type of expertise can be used to explain the lack of age differences seen among skilled typists in the speed-typing natural language digraphs (e.g., "he"; Bosman, 1993). Theoretically, automated motor executions should free up limited-capacity controlled or fluid processes.…”

Section: When Expertise Reduces Age Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Ability, Expertise, and Age Differences in Following Air-Traffic Control Instructions.

Taylor¹,

O’Hara²,

Mumenthaler³

et al. 2005

Psychology and Aging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, when these same words are embedded in context that provides semantic constraint, age differences can be greatly reduced if not eliminated (Cohen & Faulkner, 1983;Madden, 1988;Speranza et al, 2000;Stine-Morrow et al, 1999;Stine & Wingfield, 1994). Older adults may also develop compensatory strategies for reading that offset effects of slowed rates of information processing on reading speed (e.g., older typists look farther ahead during text transcription to maintain typing speed; Bosman, 1993;Salthouse, 1984).…”

Section: Age Differences In Textbase Word and Discourse Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and self-regulated language processing.

Stine‐Morrow

Miller

Hertzog

2006

Psychological Bulletin

166

170

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This paper introduces an adult developmental model of self-regulated language processing (SRLP), in which the allocation policy with which a reader engages text is driven by declines in processing capacity, growth in knowledge-based processes, and age-related shifts in reading goals. Evidence is presented to show that the individual reader's allocation policy is consistent across time and across different types of text, can serve a compensatory function in relation to abilities, and is predictive of subsequent memory performance. As such, it is an important facet of language understanding and learning from text through the adult life span.

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“…Researchers have quantified age-related declines affecting performance with regard to cognitive and physical abilities (Craik & Salthouse, 2000) and have revealed compensatory strategies older adults may use to circumvent typical age-related slowing in specific tasks (Bosman, 1993;Charness, 1981aCharness, , 1981bCharness, , 1981cCharness, Krampe, & Mayr, 1996;Krampe & Ericsson, 1996;Meinz, 2000;Salthouse, 1984). With proper application, this knowledge could inform the design of products, systems, and environments for more effective use by the older population.…”

Section: Knowing the Older Usermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Model Human Processor and the older adult: Parameter estimation and validation within a mobile phone task.

Jastrzembski

Charness

2007

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied

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The authors estimate weighted mean values for nine information processing parameters for older adults using the Card, Moran, and Newell (1983) Model Human Processor model. The authors validate a subset of these parameters by modeling two mobile phone tasks using two different phones and comparing model predictions to a sample of younger (N = 20; M age = 20) and older (N = 20; M age = 69) adults. Older adult models fit keystroke-level performance at the aggregate grain of analysis extremely well (R = 0.99) and produced equivalent fits to previously validated younger adult models. Critical path analyses highlighted points of poor design as a function of cognitive workload, hardware/software design, and user characteristics. The findings demonstrate that estimated older adult information processing parameters are valid for modeling purposes, can help designers understand age-related performance using existing interfaces, and may support the development of age-sensitive technologies. Keywordsage; modeling; GOMS; human engineering; design; mobile phone A hallmark of good design is represented by the human factors injunction to "know the user" (Nielson, 1994, p. 73) before design specifications are made. It is essential to account for basic human processing requirements in order to optimize performance with respect to time, accuracy, and satisfaction, in order to produce "user-friendly" systems, interfaces, or devices. Research in human factors and human-computer interaction has a legacy of designing products around the needs of the younger user, in part because many designers are young themselves (the largest population density of workers are between the ages of 30-34; National Science Foundation, 2006), and, as a result, older adults often find that they have difficulties interacting with existing technology and report feelings of frustration and confusion when trying to adapt (e.g., Fisk & Rogers, 1997;Rogers, Fisk, Mead, Walker, & Cabrera, 1996;.As it currently stands, older adult competencies and limitations are not usually accounted for in these earliest stages of design and engineering. Some strides have been made to help accommodate older adults to existing systems through modification of interfaces and Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to: Tiffany S. Jastrzembski, Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4301. tiffany.jastrzembski@mesa.afmc.af.mil. Tiffany S. Jastrzembski and Neil Charness, Department of Psychology, Florida State University. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript systems (e.g., changing acceleration of a mouse, enlarging font size, enhancing contrast), or through modification of the individual (e.g., adapting the user to the product with training and practice); yet a disconnect exists between the fields of cognitive aging and human engineering design. Human engineering design refers to testing systems with cognitive models that simulate human performance, so ...

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Age-related differences in the motoric aspects of transcription typing skill.

Cited by 108 publications

References 58 publications

Cognitive Ability, Expertise, and Age Differences in Following Air-Traffic Control Instructions.

Cognitive Ability, Expertise, and Age Differences in Following Air-Traffic Control Instructions.

Aging and self-regulated language processing.

The Model Human Processor and the older adult: Parameter estimation and validation within a mobile phone task.

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