Age-related differences in word-retrieval but not in meaning generation

Kavé, Gitit; Mashal, Nira

doi:10.1080/13825585.2011.638975

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Future research should examine whether similar findings emerge when speech is elicited with no pictorial support, for example, by asking participants to recall a personal experience. Second, the verbal fluency task is highly dependent on executive functions (Kavé, Heled, Vakil, & Agranov, 2011), perhaps more so than it depends on semantic stores (Kavé & Mashal, 2012). Hence, the lack of correlations between semantic fluency scores and measures of connected speech could reflect the fact that retrieval difficulties in connected speech in AD are determined more by semantic difficulties and less by impairment in executive control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Word retrieval in picture descriptions produced by individuals with Alzheimer’s disease

Kavé

Goral

2016

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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What can tests of single-word production tell us about word retrieval in connected speech? We examined this question in 20 people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in 20 cognitively intact individuals. All participants completed tasks of picture naming and semantic fluency, and provided connected speech through picture descriptions. Picture descriptions were analyzed for total word output, percentages of content words, percentages of nouns, and percentages of pronouns out of all words, type-token ratio of all words and type-token ratio of nouns alone, mean frequency of all words and mean frequency of nouns alone, and mean word length. Individuals with AD performed worse than did cognitively intact individuals on the picture naming and semantic fluency tasks. They also produced a lower proportion of content words overall, a lower proportion of nouns, and a higher proportion of pronouns, as well as more frequent and shorter words on picture descriptions. Group differences in total word output and type-token ratios did not reach significance. Correlations between scores on tasks of single-word retrieval and measures of retrieval in picture descriptions emerged in the AD group but not in the control group. Scores on a picture naming task were associated with difficulties in word retrieval in connected speech in AD, while scores on a task of semantic verbal fluency were less useful in predicting measures of retrieval in context in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Word retrieval in picture descriptions produced by individuals with Alzheimer’s disease

Kavé

Goral

2016

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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“…Studies reported that semantic processing remains stable in old age in language comprehension and production (Kavé and Mashal, 2012;Ramscar et al, 2014;Lacombe et al, 2015) since semantic process of language benefits from verbal knowledge (i.e., vocabulary and semantic memory) adults have acquired over years (Verhaeghen, 2003;Ben-David et al, 2015). Compared to young adults, older adults presented comparable performance in semantic processing tasks including semantic judgment (Little et al, 2004), semantic priming task (Gold et al, 2009), lexical decision task (Gold et al, 2009), and picture naming (Kavé and Mashal, 2012). Farrell (2012) compared semantic priming of TOTs occurrence for word production in young and older adults, and did not find the effect of semantic priming on TOTs for either age group, reflecting that TOTs are little associated with word's semantics (see also Cross and Burke, 2004).…”

Section: Asymmetries Of Semantic and Phonological Retrieval In Old Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Aging Effects on Phonological and Semantic Priming in the Tip-of-the-Tongue: Evidence From a Two-Step Approach

2020

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The mechanism underlying the age difference in spoken word production remains controversial. We used a two-step approach proposed by Gollan and Brown (2006) to investigate the semantic and phonological retrieval deficits when tip-of-the-tongue occurs in young and older adults. Importantly, we controlled the inhibition ability in both older and young groups. In experiment 1 with a people pictures naming task, older adults produced more TOTs than young adults, and they suffered from phonological retrieval deficit rather than semantic retrieval deficit in speaking. In experiment 2 with a priming paradigm, participants were presented semantically related or phonologically related names before target pictures, which formed semantic or phonological priming conditions for lexical access. Compared with young adults, older adults showed a greater effect of phonological priming on decreasing TOTs occurrence. For semantic retrieval deficit, older adults exhibited a smaller phonological facilitation effect and a larger semantic interference effect than young adults. For phonological retrieval deficit, older adults presented a larger phonological facilitation effect in the first-name related priming condition than the first-syllable related priming condition, whereas young adults showed similar facilitation effects between the two phonological priming conditions. Our findings provide consistent evidence for the transmission deficit hypothesis, and highlight that aging affects bidirectional connections between semantic and phonological nodes in speech production.

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“…Previous studies have reported an association of semantic fluency with processing speed [17,24,25], lexical access [25–27], executive functions [26,28], and working memory [25]. Phonemic fluency has been reported to be associated with processing speed [17,24,25], attention [13,29], lexical access [27], executive functions [26,28–31], and memory [29,32]. Studies on action fluency did not find an association with episodic memory or picture naming [12,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive compensatory mechanisms in normal aging: a study on verbal fluency and the contribution of other cognitive functions

Gonzalez-Burgos

Hernández‐Cabrera

Westman

et al. 2019

Aging

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Verbal fluency has been widely studied in cognitive aging. However, compensatory mechanisms that maintain its optimal performance with increasing age are not completely understood. Using cross-sectional data, we investigated differentiation and dedifferentiation processes in verbal fluency across the lifespan by analyzing the association between verbal fluency and numerous cognitive measures within four age groups (N=446): early middle-age (32-45 years), late middle-age (46-58 years), early elderly (59-71 years), and late elderly (72-84 years). ANCOVA was used to investigate the interaction between age and fluency modality. Random forest models were conducted to study the contribution of cognition to semantic, phonemic, and action fluency. All modalities declined with increasing age, but semantic fluency was the most vulnerable to aging. The most prominent reduction in performance was observed during the transition from middle-age to early elderly, when cognitive variables stopped contributing (differentiation), and new cognitive variables started contributing (dedifferentiation). Lexical access, processing speed, and executive functions were among the most contributing functions. We conclude that the association between age and verbal fluency is masked by age-specific influences of other cognitive functions. Differentiation and dedifferentiation processes can coexist. This study provides important data for better understanding of cognitive aging and compensatory processes.

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Age-related differences in word-retrieval but not in meaning generation

Cited by 27 publications

References 53 publications

Word retrieval in picture descriptions produced by individuals with Alzheimer’s disease

Word retrieval in picture descriptions produced by individuals with Alzheimer’s disease

Aging Effects on Phonological and Semantic Priming in the Tip-of-the-Tongue: Evidence From a Two-Step Approach

Cognitive compensatory mechanisms in normal aging: a study on verbal fluency and the contribution of other cognitive functions

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