Age-Related Effects of Stimulus Type and Congruency on Inattentional Blindness

Liu, Han-Hui

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00794

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…An important finding from the study is that children have a higher detection rate of unexpected faces than adults, which indicates that children's attention could be more easily captured when they are concentrating on a specific project. This finding is in accordance with previous research that shows age-related variations in IB and a decline in detection rates for unexpected stimuli from childhood to adulthood (Horwood & Beanland, 2016;Liu, 2018;Stothart et al, 2015). Furthermore, this study confirms the notion that children's involuntary attention predominates in their daily life (Gomes et al, 2000;Wetzel et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The 79 adults' ages varied from late 40s to early 60s (54.63 ± 8.192), and the 78 children's ages were from eight to almost 13 years (10.62 ± 2.32). Although there were no consistent dividing criteria for school-aged children and middle-aged adults (Anastasi & Rhodes, 2005;Liu, 2018), and in the previous IB studies relating emotional attentional bias and OAB, the age-related effect was discovered in groups with large age spans. The results of the study would be more reliable if the age span was more contracted.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…This is consistent with several previous studies' that showed that elderly adults are more sensitive to emotionally positive faces under attentional conditions (Hilimire et al, 2014;Leclerc & Kensinger, 2010;Meng et al, 2015), a phenomenon termed a "positive effect" of elderly adults. The mechanism of this positive effect is diversified in the literature (Liu, 2018). As mentioned before, the exposure time may be a key factor for the attentional bias of faces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The effect of emotional valence and age of faces on adults and children’s inattentional blindness

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2021

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Inattentional blindness (IB) refers to the nature of an individual being unaware of an unexpected stimulus when focusing on an attentional task. Investigation into IB provides an innovative approach for the research of attentional bias that is connected with an individual's immediate attentional capture. This study explored the effect of emotional valence and age of faces on the IB rates of children and adults. We employed a between-subject experimental design with a 2 (age of participants: child, adult) × 2 (age of face: child face, adult face) × 2 (emotional valence: positive, negative) method and used the classic IB task of cross judgment. The participants included 79 adults (54.63 ± 8.192 years old) and 78 children (10.62 ± 2.32 years old). The results showed that: (1) The IB rates of the two groups differed significantly. Children performed better than adults in detecting the faces appearing unexpectedly. (2) The effect of emotional valence only emerged on adult participants' IB. Adults were significantly more likely to detect the positive-emotional faces than the negative-emotional ones. (3) The age of a face was not a significant factor to predict participants' IB. Neither children nor adults showed a preference for the faces of a specific age (e.g., their own age). These findings revealed the distinct characteristics of attentional capture of children and adults when confronting unexpected facial stimuli.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effect of emotional valence and age of faces on adults and children’s inattentional blindness

Wei

Zhang

et al. 2021

Atten Percept Psychophys

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Other theories of age-related changes in attention posit that older adults are less able to inhibit their awareness of information that is irrelevant to their primary task (Hasher and Zacks, 1988), suggesting that they may have increased awareness of environmental objects/features and thus, may be less susceptible to inattentional blindness. Although past studies of inattentional blindness provide support for the predictions made by the attentional capacity model (e.g., Graham and Burke, 2011; Horwood and Beanland, 2016; Liu, 2018), less is understood about the role of perceptual/cognitive load on these effects, or the role of different object characteristics. It is possible, for instance, that under different primary task loads, when using different measures of awareness, and/or with different degrees of object relevance, these age-related differences in inattentional blindness may vary (Michaels et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inattentional Blindness During Driving in Younger and Older Adults

2019

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Age-related changes to perceptual and cognitive abilities have been implicated in an increased risk of collision in older adults. This may be due, in part, to their reduced ability to attend to potentially relevant aspects of their driving environment. An associated general phenomenon of inattentional blindness involves a failure to notice visually presented objects or events when attention is directed elsewhere. Previous studies of inattentional blindness using computer paradigms report higher incidence of this effect in older compared to younger adults. However, little is known about whether these age-related effects are observed during more complex, realistic, everyday tasks, such as driving. Therefore, the goal of this study was to explore whether younger and older adults differ in their awareness of objects in their driving environment when their attention is directed toward another primary driving task. This study took place in a high-fidelity, full field of view, driving simulator. Thirty-two younger ( M age = 25.41) and 32 older ( M age = 73.41) adults drove through 19 short scenarios and were asked to first judge whether their vehicle could fit between two rows of vehicles parked on either side of the road and then to perform the associated driving maneuver (i.e., drive through or drive around). On four critical trials, objects were placed on the side of the road that differed in terms of animacy. Specifically, animate objects consisted of 3D humans standing by a bus shelter and inanimate objects consisted of photographs of the same individuals on a bus shelter advertisement. Inattentional blindness was measured via a post-drive, tablet-based recognition task immediately following the critical trials. Results revealed high rates of inattentional blindness across both age groups, with significantly lower levels of awareness for inanimate objects compared to animate objects. Further, whereas younger adults demonstrated reduced inattentional blindness following the first critical trial, older adults did not show this immediate improvement in recognition performance. Overall, this study provides unique insights into the factors associated with age-related changes to attention and how they may affect important driving-related outcomes.

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