Age‐related improvement in short‐term memory efficiency during adolescence

Ryan, Christopher M.

doi:10.1080/87565649009540460

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The time taken to complete the whole procedure was recorded, as was the number of steps taken. The stride length was calculated as twice the average step length during the TU&G. The Four Word Short-Term Memory test (FWSTM), based on the Brown-Peterson task, [27][28][29][30] was used to assess working memory. The test has good construct validity, alternate-form reliability, and split-half reliability.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinvestment and Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Wong

Masters

Maxwell

et al. 2007

Neurorehabil Neural Repair

100

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinvestment and Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Wong

Masters

Maxwell

et al. 2007

Neurorehabil Neural Repair

100

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“…This is significant because there is empirical evidence that cognition and brain structures continue to mature during adolescence. Specifically, studies have found that during adolescence performance improves on measures of verbal fluency (e.g., Levin et al, 1991), memory and learning (e.g., Levin et al, 1991; Ryan, 1990), reasoning (e.g., Klaczynski, 2001), sustained attention (e.g., McKay, Halperin, Schwartz & Sharma, 1994), and executive abilities (e.g., Davies & Rose, 1999). Also, recent neuroimaging research has indicated that frontal brain structures continue to develop during adolescence and are not fully formed until early adulthood (Giedd et al, 1999; Sowell, Thompson, Holmes, Jernigan, & Toga, 1999).…”

Section: Cognitive Abilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competence to Waive Interrogation Rights and Adjudicative Competence in Adolescent Defendants: Cognitive Development, Attorney Contact, and Psychological Symptoms.

Viljoen¹,

Roesch²

2005

Law and Human Behavior

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Although there is growing evidence of developmental differences in competency to waive interrogation rights and adjudicative competence, the correlates of adolescents' legal capacities remain unclear. This study examined the relationship of legal capacities to cognitive development, legal learning opportunities, and psychological symptoms. Participants were 152 male and female defendants aged 11-17, who completed Grisso's Instruments for Assessing Understanding and Appreciation of Miranda Rights, the Fitness Interview Test (Revised Edition), the Woodcock-Johnson III Cognitive Assessment Battery, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children. Legal capacities relevant to interrogation and adjudication increased with age. These developmental differences were partially mediated or explained by cognitive development. Of the specific cognitive abilities examined (general intellectual ability, verbal ability, reasoning, long-term retrieval, attention, and executive functioning), verbal ability was a particularly strong predictor of performance on competency measures. Also, defendants obtained lower scores on competency measures if they showed evidence of attention deficits or hyperactivity, had spent limited time with their attorneys, and/or were from low socioeconomic backgrounds.

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“…Importantly, this improvement in accuracy was not at the expense of increased response times, which indicates an actual improvement rather than a speed-accuracy trade-off. Although short-term memory ability is suggested to improve throughout adolescence (Ryan, 1990), these data suggest that additional benefits can be achieved through exercise training. This could have important implications, given that working memory is an important domain of cognition related to learning during adolescence and is linked to academic performance (Gathercole et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Effect of two-weeks of school-based sprint training on physical fitness, risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases and cognitive function in adolescent girls: A randomized controlled pilot trial

Williams

Dring

Morris

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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BackgroundSchool-based physical activity interventions are accessible to most adolescents and could enhance adolescent cardiometabolic health and cognition; yet the feasibility and success of school-based physical activity interventions is understudied.MethodsSixteen adolescent girls (age: 11.7 ± 0.3 y; height: 1.58 ± 0.07 m; body mass: 45.5 ± 9.2 kg) were randomized to either an intervention (2-weeks sprint training; n = 8) or control group (continuation of regular physical activity levels; n = 8). Following familiarization, all participants completed baseline measurements including fasted and postprandial capillary blood samples, a battery of cognitive function tests (Stroop Test, Sternberg Paradigm and Flanker Task), and an assessment of physical fitness (20 m sprint and multi-stage fitness test). The intervention group completed 2-weeks progressive sprint training (3 sessions per week: week one 6 × 10 s sprints, week two 8 × 10 s sprints). Follow-up measurements were completed 48 h after the final sprint training session. Data were analyzed via ANCOVA to examine between group differences at follow-up whilst controlling for baseline score.ResultsAccuracy in the intervention group during the three-item Sternberg paradigm was greater when compared with the control group (Intervention: 99.6 ± 1.1%; Control: 97.7 ± 2.2%, p = 0.046). BDNF concentration was also higher in the intervention group at follow-up than control group (Intervention: 39.12 ± 9.88 ng.ml−1; Control: 22.95 ± 9.13 ng.ml−1, p < 0.001). There were no differences at follow-up between the intervention and control group for measures of cardiometabolic health (fasted cytokine concentrations or postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses) or on the Stroop Test or Flanker Task (all p > 0.05). However, the intervention group reported enjoying the sprint training and that they found the sessions valuable.ConclusionTwo-weeks sprint interval training in a school-setting enhanced working memory and increased concentrations of BDNF in adolescent girls. The intervention was deemed enjoyable and worthwhile by the adolescent girls and thus the longer-term implementation of such an intervention should be examined.

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Age‐related improvement in short‐term memory efficiency during adolescence

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Reinvestment and Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Reinvestment and Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Competence to Waive Interrogation Rights and Adjudicative Competence in Adolescent Defendants: Cognitive Development, Attorney Contact, and Psychological Symptoms.

Effect of two-weeks of school-based sprint training on physical fitness, risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases and cognitive function in adolescent girls: A randomized controlled pilot trial

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