Age-Related Influence of a Cocktail of Xylanase, Amylase, and Protease or Phytase Individually or in Combination in Broilers

Abstract

This 21-d experiment was conducted to determine if the response of chicks to a cocktail of xylanase, amylase, and protease (XAP) or Escherichia coli-derived phytase individually or in combination when fed a nutritionally marginal corn-soybean meal diet is age-dependent. Six hundred 1-d-old chicks were allocated to 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. The treatments were as follows: 1) positive control with supplemental inorganic P; 2) negative control (NC) marginal in P and ME; 3) NC plus XAP to provide (per kg of diet) 650, 1,650, and 4,000 U of xylanase, amylase, and protease, respectively; 4) NC plus phytase added to provide 1,000 phytase units/kg; and 5) NC plus a combination of XAP and phytase. Low ME and P in the NC diet depressed weight gain and gain:feed (P < 0.001). A cocktail of XAP alone did not improve performance, but phytase supplementation improved (P < 0.001) weight gain. The enzymes were additive in their effects on growth performance. The enzymes had no effect on ileal digestible energy. Ileal N digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) in diet with XAP or phytase individually compared with NC. Both phytase and XAP individually and in combination improved (P < 0.01) ileal P digestibility compared with NC. Total tract nutrient retention and ME increased (P < 0.01) as the birds grew older. There were age x diet interactions (P < 0.001) on total tract retention of P and Ca; improvement in P retention due to phytase use decreased by 50% as the chicks matured. The current study shows that a combination of XAP and phytase improved performance, but the enhancement in performance appears to be mainly from phytase. Both XAP and phytase were effective in improving P digestibility and retention of chicks receiving nutritionally marginal corn-soybean meal. The data also shows that the chicks benefited more from the enzyme addition at a younger age and that the contribution of the enzymes to nutrient retention decreased with age in chickens.

Effect of Non-Starch Polysaccharide (NSP) of Wheat and Barley Supplemented with Exogenous Enzyme Blend on Growth Performance, Gut Microbial, Pancreatic Enzyme Activities, Expression of Glucose Transporter (SGLT1) and Mucin Producer (MUC2) Genes of Broiler Chickens

“…The present research has consistently elicited the negative effects of soluble NSP of wheat and barley, as also demonstrated by other researchers (Yin et al, 2000;Olukosi et al, 2007;Mirzaie et al, 2012). However, the comparative effects of different types of NSP on broiler performance and physiological responses have not been adequately cleared.…”

“…These grains could locally grow in many areas of the world and have lower water requirements than corn (Ravindran et al 1999;Lin et al 2010). The major components of wheat and barley are starch and proteins, though they have considerable content of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), derived from the cell walls (Olukosi et al 2007;Mirzaie et al 2012).…”

Enzimas exógenas em dietas de frangos de corte: desempenho

“…aves (10,24 e 8,64%, nas fases inicial e total, respectivamente) quando comparado ao grupo do CN sem enzimas. A melhora no desempenho das aves com o uso de enzimas nas dietas tem sido evidenciada em vários estudos (ZANELLA et al, 1999;COWIESON & ADEOLA, 2005;OLUKOSI et al, 2007;BARBOSA et al, 2008;SANTOS et al, 2008). Entretanto, os benefícios no desempenho das aves com a utilização da combinação de enzimas é reflexo não apenas da melhoria no aproveitamento dos nutrientes, mas também da melhora no equilíbrio da microbiota bacteriana intestinal das aves.…”

“…Outro aspecto importante é que quando somente a fitase é adicionada na dieta, sua eficiência é reduzida devido à falta de acesso ao substrato, o qual se encontra no interior da matriz de polissacarídeos não amiláceos (PNAs) (DOURADO, 2008). As glicosidases (xilanases) são capazes de degradar a camada de PNAs da membrana, promovendo a despolimerização de arabinoxilanas, facilitando o acesso da fitase ao fitato armazenado na parede celular (OLUKOSI et al, 2007). Consequentemente, o acesso das enzimas endógenas e exógenas (amilase e protease) aos nutrientes encapsulados fica facilitado, o que aumenta a disponibilidade de nutrientes para o crescimento (NAGASHIRO, 2007).…”

Microbiota intestinal e desempenho de frangos alimentados com rações elaboradas com sorgo ou milheto e complexo enzimático

“…Alguns estudos mostram que a inclusão de enzimas exógenas melhora a disponibilidade de nutrientes da ração (Brito et al, 2006;Oliveira et al, 2007) e o desempenho dos frangos (Odetallah et al, 2006;Olukosi et al, 2007) e pode melhorar a relação custo:benefício na formulação de ração de aves (Toledo et al, 2007). As enzimas exógenas podem ser destinadas a complementar a ação das enzimas digestivas endógenas, a tornar os nutrientes mais disponíveis para absorção e a aumentar o valor energético dos ingredientes, reduzindo a variação da qualidade nutricional (Bedford, 2000).…”