Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Fletcher, Erica L.; Chung, Susana T. L.; Downie, Laura E; Guymer, Robyn H.; Vingrys, Algis J.

doi:10.1097/opx.0000000000000337

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness in elderly people 1 , 2 . Light is now widely considered to be a risk factor for this multifactorial disease in addition to age, genetics, smoking, and diet 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These deposits contain lipofuscin, a residue that accumulates with age in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells as a consequence of the incomplete digestion of photoreceptor outer segments 4 . Its intracellular accumulation enhances cellular sensitivity to light radiation 5 , providing a possible cellular mechanism to explain the RPE dysfunction that causes AMD 2 . This cellular photosensitization is partly attributed to A2E, a prominent retinoid constituent of lipofuscin 6 – 9 , which displays absorbance peaks at 335 and 435 nm 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light action spectrum on oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in A2E-loaded retinal pigment epithelium cells

et al. 2018

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AimsBlue light is an identified risk factor for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We investigated oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial changes in A2E-loaded retinal pigment epithelium cells under the blue–green part of the solar spectrum that reaches the retina to better understand the mechanisms underlying light-elicited toxicity.ResultsPrimary retinal pigment epithelium cells were loaded with a retinal photosensitizer, AE2, to mimic aging. Using a custom-made illumination device that delivers 10 nm-wide light bands, we demonstrated that A2E-loaded RPE cells generated high levels of both hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2•−) when exposed to blue–violet light. In addition, they exhibited perinuclear clustering of mitochondria with a decrease of both their mitochondrial membrane potential and their respiratory activities. The increase of oxidative stress resulted in increased levels of the oxidized form of glutathione and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of the main antioxidant enzymes (SOD2, catalase, and GPX1) also decreased.ConclusionsUsing an innovative illumination device, we measured the precise action spectrum of the oxidative stress mechanisms on A2E-loaded retinal pigment epithelium cells. We defined 415–455 nm blue–violet light, within the solar spectrum reaching the retina, to be the spectral band that generates the highest amount of reactive oxygen species and produces the highest level of mitochondrial dysfunction, explaining its toxic effect. This study further highlights the need to filter these wavelengths from the eyes of AMD patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light action spectrum on oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in A2E-loaded retinal pigment epithelium cells

et al. 2018

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“…Despite this information, there is currently insufficient evidence to conclusively determine the direct effects of LED light sources when used normally at domestic intensity levels or as backlights in screen devices. Consequently, more epidemiological, clinical, and fundamental research is required to assess their risk factors in AMD, aging, and overall health, especially for vulnerable groups like children and adolescents [ 167 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Pollution and Oxidative Stress: Effects on Retina and Human Health

Salceda

2024

Antioxidants

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Visible light refers to the frequencies within the electromagnetic spectrum that humans can see, encompassing radiation with wavelengths falling between 380 nm to 760 nm. The energy of a single photon increases with its frequency. In the retina, photoreceptor cells contain light-sensitive pigments that absorb light and convert it into electrical stimuli through a process known as phototransduction. However, since the absorption spectrum of photoreceptors closely aligns with blue light (ranging from 400 to 500 nm), exposure to high light intensities or continuous illumination can result in oxidative stress within these cells, leading to a loss of their functionality. Apart from photoreceptor cells, the retina also houses photosensitive ganglion cells, known as intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). These cells relay information to the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain, playing a crucial role in modulating melatonin secretion, which in turn helps in synchronizing the body’s circadian rhythms and responses to seasonal changes. Both, ipRGCs and skin possess a peak sensitivity to blue wavelengths, rendering them particularly susceptible to the effects of excessive blue light exposure. This study delves into the consequences of excessive illumination and/or prolonged exposure to blue light on retinal function and explores its implications for human health.

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“…Another important consideration that is not clearly addressed in the reviewed literature is the comorbidity of vision loss with age-related ailments and how such ailments also influence mobility. This is important because central vision loss, as well as low vision in general, typically occurs in individuals who are older 68 . For example, hypertension medication has been linked to dizziness and falls in older adults with normal vision 69 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is important because central vision loss, as well as low vision in general, typically occurs in individuals who are older. 68 For example, hypertension medication has been linked to dizziness and falls in older adults with normal vision. 69 Thus, individuals with both hypertension and vision loss may have greater mobility issues than individuals who have either of these conditions alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topical Review: Impact of Central Vision Loss on Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance while Walking

Cloutier

DeLucia²

2022

Optom Vis Sci

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SIGNIFICANCE: Individuals with central vision loss are at higher risk of injury when walking and thus may limit trips outside the home. Understanding the mobility challenges associated with central vision loss (CVL) can lead to more effective interventions.A systematic literature review focusing on mobility in CVL was conducted. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method, 2424 articles were identified in 4 databases (PsycINFO, APA PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science). To be included within this review, the study methodology needed to be related to the three components of walking: (1) navigation, defined as the ability to reach a target destination;(2) obstacle avoidance, defined as the ability to avoid collisions with obstacles located at various heights and directions; and (3) street crossing, defined as the ability to both navigate a path and avoid collisions in a traffic environment. The methodology also needed to be empirical. Case studies, unstructured observational studies, studies based on selfreport, research proposals, and existing systematic reviews were excluded. Titles, abstracts, and full text of identified articles were screened, yielding 26 articles included in the review. Results showed that, in many tasks, individuals with CVL can accomplish a level of performance comparable with individuals with normal vision. Differences between normal and impaired vision were due to either age or how the groups completed the task. For example, individuals with CVL could cross a street successfully but did so less safely (i.e., smaller safety margins) than individuals with normal vision. To identify new interventions for CVL, future research should focus on the differences in the mechanisms underlying mobility between individuals with normal and impaired vision rather than solely on performance differences.

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Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Light action spectrum on oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in A2E-loaded retinal pigment epithelium cells

Light action spectrum on oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in A2E-loaded retinal pigment epithelium cells

Light Pollution and Oxidative Stress: Effects on Retina and Human Health

Topical Review: Impact of Central Vision Loss on Navigation and Obstacle Avoidance while Walking

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