Age-Related Racial Disparity in Suicide Rates Among US Youths From 2001 Through 2015

Bridge, Jeffrey A.; Horowitz, Lisa M.; Fontanella, Cynthia A.; Sheftall, Arielle H.; Greenhouse, Joel B.; Kelleher, Kelly J.; Campo, John V.

doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.0399

Cited by 245 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…First, we would like to emphasize the included datasets were of white individuals of primarily European ancestry, and therefore it is important to note that these results may not generalize to other ethnic and racial populations. For example, Bridge et al 94 found strong evidence for a racial disparity in childhood suicide rates with black children two-times more likely to commit suicide than white children. It was also recently shown that EA protected non-Hispanic Whites, but not non-Hispanic Blacks against future suicide attempts and deaths 95 .…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational attainment reduces the risk of suicide attempt among individuals with and without psychiatric disorders independent of cognition: a bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization study with more than 815,000 participants

et al. 2020

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Rates of suicidal behavior are increasing in the United States and identifying causal risk factors continues to be a public health priority. Observational literature has shown that educational attainment (EA) and cognitive performance (CP) influence suicide attempt risk; however, the causal nature of these relationships is unknown. Using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of EA, CP, and suicide attempt risk with > 815,000 combined white participants of European ancestry, we performed multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to disentangle the effects of EA and CP on attempted suicide. In single-variable MR (SVMR), EA and CP appeared to reduce suicide attempt risk (EA odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) increase in EA (4.2 years), 0.524, 95% CI, 0.412–0.666, P = 1.07 × 10−7; CP OR per SD increase in standardized score, 0.714, 95% CI, 0.577–0.885, P = 0.002). Conversely, bidirectional analyses found no effect of a suicide attempt on EA or CP. Using various multivariable MR (MVMR) models, EA seems to be the predominant risk factor for suicide attempt risk with the independent effect (OR, 0.342, 95% CI, 0.206–0.568, P = 1.61 × 10−4), while CP had no effect (OR, 1.182, 95% CI, 0.842–1.659, P = 0.333). In additional MVMR analyses accounting simultaneously for potential behavioral and psychiatric mediators (tobacco smoking; alcohol consumption; and self-reported nerves, tension, anxiety, or depression), the effect of EA was little changed (OR, 0.541, 95% CI, 0.421–0.696, P = 3.33 × 10−6). Consistency of results across complementary MR methods accommodating different assumptions about genetic pleiotropy strengthened causal inference. Our results show that even after accounting for psychiatric disorders and behavioral mediators, EA, but not CP, may causally influence suicide attempt risk among white individuals of European ancestry, which could have important implications for health policy and programs aimed at reducing the increasing rates of suicide. Future work is necessary to examine the EA–suicide relationship populations of different ethnicities.

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Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational attainment reduces the risk of suicide attempt among individuals with and without psychiatric disorders independent of cognition: a bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization study with more than 815,000 participants

et al. 2020

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“…Suicide patterns are also changing with groups historically at lower risk now at increased risk-the suicide rate for females 10-14 years old tripled from 1999 (0.5/100,000) to 2014 (1.5/100,000), narrowing the gap between male and female rates of suicide (Ruch et al, 2019). The suicide rate among black boys and girls younger than 13 years was approximately 2 times higher than white children from 2001-2015 (Bridge et al, 2018). In addition to mortality, indicators of suicide morbidity are following a similar trend with the proportion of Emergency Department (ED) and inpatient visits for suicidal ideation and attempts nationally nearly doubling between 2008 (0.66%) and 2015 (1.82%) among youth 5-17 years old (Dueweke, Marin, Sparkman, & Bridges, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide in the pediatric population: screening, risk assessment and treatment

Cwik

O’Keefe

Haroz

2020

International Review of Psychiatry

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The number of children and adolescents dying by suicide is increasing over time. Patterns for who is at risk are also changing, leading to a need to review clinical suicide prevention progress and identify limitations with existing practices and research that can help us further address this growing problem. This paper aims to synthesise the literature on paediatric suicide screening, risk assessment and treatment to inform clinical practice and suicide prevention efforts. Our review shows that universal screening is strongly recommended, feasible and acceptable, and that there are screening tools that have been validated with youth. However, screening may not accurately identify those at risk of dying due to the relative rarity of suicide death and the associated research and clinical challenges in studying such a rare event and predicting future behaviour. Similarly, while risk assessments have been developed and tested in some populations, there is limited research on their validity and challenges with their implementation. Several promising suicidespecific treatments have been developed for youth, but overall there is an insufficient number of randomised trials. Despite great need, the research evidence to support screening, risk assessment and treatment is still limited. As suicide rates increase for children and adolescents, continued research in all three domains is needed to reverse this trend.

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“…Suicide risk in racial/ethnic minority populations is most pronounced among youth, as suicide deaths among Black and Latino/a adolescents have increased in the U.S. over the past two decades (Khan et al 2018). Further, Black children ages 5-12 are about twice as likely to die by suicide than their White peers (Bridge et al 2018). In fact, the age of highest risk for suicide deaths among racial/ethnic minority populations is under age 30, whereas middle-aged adults (i.e., ages 40s-50s) account for the highest proportion of suicide deaths among White populations (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Suicidal Ideation in Emerging Adults: The Role of Traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Varies by Gender not Race/Ethnicity

Polanco-Roman

Anglin

Miranda

et al. 2019

J Youth Adolescence

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Drawing from Race-Based Traumatic Stress theory, the present study examined whether traumatic stress and depressive symptoms differentially help explain the relation between racial/ethnic discrimination and suicidal ideation across gender and racial/ethnic groups. A racially/ethnically diverse group of emerging adults (N = 1344; M age = 19.88, SD = 2.25; 72% female; 46% Hispanic) completed a battery of self-report measures. A cross-sectional design was employed with a series of hierarchical linear regression models and bootstrapping procedures to examine the direct and indirect relation between racial/ethnic discrimination and suicidal ideation through traumatic stress and depressive symptoms across gender and race/ethnicity. The findings suggest an indirect relation through depressive symptoms, but not traumatic stress, and a serial indirect relation through traumatic stress to depressive symptoms in young women and young men, the latter of which was stronger in young women. The indirect relations did not vary by racial/ethnic group. Cumulative experiences of racial/ethnic discrimination may impact suicide-related risk via increases in psychiatric symptomology (i.e., traumatic stress and depressive symptoms), particularly in young women. Racial/ethnic discrimination experiences should be accounted for as a potential source of psychological distress in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of suicidal thoughts and behavior, especially among young women endorsing traumatic stress and depressive

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Age-Related Racial Disparity in Suicide Rates Among US Youths From 2001 Through 2015

Cited by 245 publications

References 4 publications

Educational attainment reduces the risk of suicide attempt among individuals with and without psychiatric disorders independent of cognition: a bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization study with more than 815,000 participants

Educational attainment reduces the risk of suicide attempt among individuals with and without psychiatric disorders independent of cognition: a bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization study with more than 815,000 participants

Suicide in the pediatric population: screening, risk assessment and treatment

Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Suicidal Ideation in Emerging Adults: The Role of Traumatic Stress and Depressive Symptoms Varies by Gender not Race/Ethnicity

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