Age-Related Reductions in Human Recognition Memory Due to Impaired Encoding

Grady, Cheryl L.; McIntosh, Anthony R.; Horwitz, Barry; Maisog, José M.; Ungerleider, Leslie G.; Mentis, Marc J.; Pietrini, Pietro; Schapiro, Mark B.; Haxby, James V.

doi:10.1126/science.7618082

Cited by 592 publications

(464 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…More importantly, latency reductions with increased set size were seen in young, but not elderly subjects. The signi®cance of N100 latency with respect to memory is unclear, but the marked group difference may relate to differences during encoding between young and elderly people (Grady et al, 1995). We speculate that the changes in N100 latency during encoding may be associated with subsequent RTs during retrieval.…”

Section: Auditory Cortex Activity During Memorizationmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Mechanisms for age-related differences in auditory cortical function during retrieval Recent PET studies have de®ned several age-related changes in cortical function during memory, face matching, and other tasks. First, aging is associated with reduced activation of brain regions that were also active in young people (Grady et al, 1994(Grady et al, , 1995(Grady et al, , 1998Nagahama et al, 1997;Esposito et al, 1999). Second, there was activation of brain areas that were not engaged in young subjects (Grady et al, 1992;Cabeza et al, 1997a;Esposito et al, 1999;Madden et al, 1999;McIntosh et al, 1999;ReuterLorenz et al, 2000).…”

Section: N100 Activity During Memory Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence for such age-related reorganization of memory systems has recently been reported in several combined behavioral and PET studies. Relative to young subjects, elderly subjects exhibit reduced activity in several regions during encoding of memory items and incomplete regional activation during recall (Grady et al, 1995). Elderly subjects also engage additional brain areas when performing at comparable levels to young subjects (Cabeza et al, 1997a;Madden et al, 1999;McIntosh et al, 1999;Reuter-Lorenz et al, 2000), and have different functional correlations between brain regions (Cabeza et al, 1997b;McIntosh et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-related qualitative differences in auditory cortical responses during short-term memory

Golob

Starr

2000

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective: To examine the affects of aging on auditory cortical activity during a short-term memory task. Methods: Young and elderly subjects performed a working memory task using acoustically presented digits while evoked potential components (N100, P200) generated by auditory cortex were recorded. Reaction time and N100/P200 amplitudes and latency were analyzed as a function of memory load.Results: N100 amplitude to probes decreased as a function of memory load in young subjects, but increased as a function of memory load in the elderly. Young subjects also exhibited changes in N100 latency during memorization of list items, a result not found in elderly subjects.Conclusions: We conclude that normal aging is associated with a qualitatively different pattern of N100 responses during memory retrieval, and a static N100 response during encoding. The ®ndings suggest that aging is accompanied by functional reorganization of the neural network that supports retrieval in auditory working memory. q

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Section: Auditory Cortex Activity During Memorizationmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: N100 Activity During Memory Retrievalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-related qualitative differences in auditory cortical responses during short-term memory

Golob

Starr

2000

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Cabeza's [15] hemispheric asymmetry reduction model (HAROLD) proposes an agerelated increase in bilateral brain activation in prefrontal cortex during cognitive tasks that are strongly lateralized in young adults [51]. Similarly, others have noted additional sites of activation in older compared to younger adults [25,45], again suggesting neural recruitment or reorganization as a result of declines in primary neural pathways. While this rapidly growing area of research shows promise, more definitive evidence for compensatory change is required [48], and caution is needed when inferring age-differential processes on the basis of age-differential brain activation patterns [11].…”

Section: Theoretical Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between aging sensory/sensorimotor and cognitive functions

Li¹,

Lindenberger²

2002

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

396

264

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Recent evidence is reviewed to examine relations among sensory, sensorimotor, and cognitive aging. Age-heterogeneous cross-sectional data sets show substantial covariation among sensory, sensorimotor and intellectual abilities, and an increase in covariation from adulthood to old and very old age. Recent longitudinal analyses suggest that changes in sensory and intellectual functioning are interrelated. Experimental studies investigate the interdependence between cognitive and sensory/sensorimotor aging by examining the effects of simulated sensory loss on cognitive performance, or the effects of cognitive load manipulations on sensory or motor performance. Generally, both types of manipulations hinder older adults' performance more than that of younger adults. Theoretically, the age-associated intensification of the links among sensory, sensorimotor and cognitive functions observed both correlationally and experimentally may point to (a) common causes influencing all three functions; (b) an increase in resource overlap, cross-domain resource competition, and compensatory tradeoffs; and (c) a combination of the two. Future research aiming at discerning the relative import of these possibilities would profit from an integration of experimental and correlational research strategies. q 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. In this paper, we review evidence for the hypothesized increase of covariation or interdependence between sensory/sensorimotor and cognitive abilities with advancing age. It is well documented that sensory and sensorimotor abilities decline in the course of normative aging [54,57]. As well, extensive coverage of the normative age-related differences, changes, and continuities in cognitive and intellectual abilities is widely available [10,21]. Rather than reviewing these bodies of literature, we will focus selectively on empirical and theoretical work that has addressed the linkages between these domains with respect to adult development. The relevant evidence can be divided into two broad segments: (a) correlational evidence using crosssectional and longitudinal analyses, and (b) experimental evidence of an increased interdependence between domains. The final portion of our review will be devoted to discussing possible theoretical accounts of the documented relationships. Correlations between sensory, sensorimotor, and cognitive abilitiesObserved relationships between intellectual and sensory functioning have been discussed at length in the past several decades [12,54]. More recently, lifespan developmentalist Paul Baltes proposed that whereas before and during middle adulthood, interindividual variability in cognitive status is driven largely by cultural and environmental factors, in late life, variability might be increasingly constrained by biologically-based factors [7]. Subsequent to this proposal, several large-scale cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have examined the age-related changes in relationship between intellectual and sensory/sensorimotor abilities [3 -6,...

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“…More specifically, although the nature of the tasks used to study age-related changes in cognition and neurophysiology within imaging paradigms have varied from facial recognition to verbal working memory, some task nonspecific findings have begun to emerge. Older participants exhibit extraneous areas of activation and greater bilateral activation in functional homologues (i.e., analogous brain regions in the contralateral hemisphere) where younger adults exhibited asymmetrical activation (Cabeza, 2002;Cabeza et al, 1997b;Grady et al, 1994;Madden et al, 1997Madden et al, , 1999Nielson et al, 2002;Schachter et al, 1996, but see Grady et al, 1995;Jonides et al, 2000;Rypma and D'Esposito, 2000). A number of the imaging studies also report differences between younger and older adults in the inferior parietal lobule and the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus (DiGirolamo et al, 2001;Grady et al, 1994Grady et al, , 1995Grossman et al, 2001;Madden et al, 1997Madden et al, , 1999Nielson et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Frontal recruitment during response inhibition in older adults replicated with fMRI

2003

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Recent research has explored age-related differences in multiple areas of cognitive functioning using fMRI, PET, and SPECT. However, because these studies used different tasks, subjects, and methods, little is known about whether the results of these studies are generalizable or repeatable. The present study replicated a previous study [Psychol. Aging 17 (2002) 56] NOT THE PUBLISHED VERSION; this is the author's final, peer-reviewed manuscript. The published version may be accessed by following the link in the citation at the bottom of the page.NeuroImage, Vol 20, No. 2 (October 2003): pg. 1384-1392. DOI. This article is © Elsevier and permission has been granted for this version to appear in e-Publications@Marquette. Elsevier does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without the express permission from Elsevier. 2 using the same Go/No-go task with a subset of 11 of the original older adult subjects, and using the same fMRI scanner and imaging methods. A direct comparison was made between these participants at Time 1 and Time 2 for both behavioral and functional data. These participants were also compared to a new young adult group of 11 participants. Although the current young adult group did not perform as well as the original young adult group, the original finding of enhanced left prefrontal activation in older adults relative to younger adults was replicated. Furthermore, when comparing Time 1 to Time 2, older adults exhibited comparable areas of activation, but significantly greater magnitude of activation at Time 1 in a few clusters. The findings indicate that older adults exhibit more bilateral brain activity during this task than young adults, which appears compensatory and is repeatable over time. The magnitude of regional activation, however, may vary with extraneuronal factors such as signal-to-noise ratio or task experience. This study adds to existing research suggesting that bilateral frontal activation is a predominant finding in the aging literature, and not specific to certain tasks in age group comparisons.

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Age-Related Reductions in Human Recognition Memory Due to Impaired Encoding

Cited by 592 publications

References 42 publications

Age-related qualitative differences in auditory cortical responses during short-term memory

Age-related qualitative differences in auditory cortical responses during short-term memory

Relations between aging sensory/sensorimotor and cognitive functions

Frontal recruitment during response inhibition in older adults replicated with fMRI

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