Age-related Variation in Snake Venom: Evidence from Two Snakes (Naja atra and  Deinagkistrodon acutus) in Southeastern China

He, Ying; Gao, Jian-Fang; Longhui, Lin; Ma, Xiaojing; Ji, Xiang

doi:10.3724/sp.j.1245.2014.00119

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown differences between neonate and adult snake venoms, but these studies all used pooled venom from numerous litters and from time frames occurring after the postnatal shed (Gao et al, 2013;He et al, 2014;Zelanis et al, 2011). Some snake venoms vary with geography (see Chippaux et al, 1991 for partial review;Margres et al, 2015) and, indeed, we detected geographic variation between the LSG and MS cohorts of C. adamanteus.…”

Section: Patterns and Potential Causes Of Variationmentioning

confidence: 55%

Early significant ontogenetic changes in snake venoms

Wray

Margres

Seavy

et al. 2015

Toxicon

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Section: Patterns and Potential Causes Of Variationmentioning

confidence: 55%

Early significant ontogenetic changes in snake venoms

Wray

Margres

Seavy

et al. 2015

Toxicon

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“…The proteolytic activity of each venom was determined according to Gao et al [ 62 ] and He et al [ 71 ]. Briefly, a substrate system (0.5 mL 2% casein in 0.2 M Tris–HCl, pH 8.5) was incubated with the venom (40 μg in 100 μL 20 mM PBS) at 37 °C for 2 h. The reaction was stopped by incubation with 0.6 mL 0.44 M TCA at 37 °C for 30 min; the mixture was then centrifuged at 12,000× g at 4 °C for 15 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny-Related Variations in Venomics: A Test in a Subset of Habu Snakes (Protobothrops)

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2023

Toxins

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We conducted a comparative analysis to unveil the divergence among venoms from a subset of Old World habu snakes (Protobothrops) in terms of venomic profiles and toxicological and enzymatic activities. A total of 14 protein families were identified in the venoms from these habu snakes, and 11 of them were shared among these venoms. The venoms of five adult habu snakes were overwhelmingly dominated by SVMP (32.56 ± 13.94%), PLA2 (22.93 ± 9.26%), and SVSP (16.27 ± 4.79%), with a total abundance of over 65%, while the subadult P. mangshanensis had an extremely low abundance of PLA2 (1.23%) but a high abundance of CTL (51.47%), followed by SVMP (22.06%) and SVSP (10.90%). Apparent interspecific variations in lethality and enzymatic activities were also explored in habu snake venoms, but no variations in myotoxicity were found. Except for SVSP, the resemblance of the relatives within Protobothrops in other venom traits was estimated to deviate from Brownian motion evolution based on phylogenetic signals. A comparative analysis further validated that the degree of covariation between phylogeny and venom variation is evolutionarily labile and varies among clades of closely related snakes. Our findings indicate a high level of interspecific variation in the venom proteomes of habu snakes, both in the presence or absence and the relative abundance of venom protein families, and that these venoms might have evolved under a combination of adaptive and neutral mechanisms.

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