Age, Sex-Role Categorization, and Psychological Health in American Homosexual and Heterosexual Men and Women

Carlson, Helena M.; Steuer, Joanne

doi:10.1080/00224545.1985.9922873

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…An important implication for practitioners was that the consolidation of an affirmative GLB identity is associated with mental health. This conclusion is based on empirical studies that demonstrated a positive association between gay male identity formation and feelings of self‐worth (Helminiak, 1989; Savin‐Williams, 1990), well‐being (Carlson & Steuer, 1985), psychological adjustment (Hammersmith & Weinberg, 1973), and adult attachment security (Elizur & Mintzer, 2001).…”

Section: Gay Male Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Support and Acceptance, Gay Male Identity Formation, and Psychological Adjustment: A Path Model*

Elizur

Ziv²

2001

Family Process

123

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While heterosexist family undermining has been demonstrated to be a developmental risk factor in the life of persons with same-gender orientation, the issue of protective family factors is both controversial and relatively neglected. In this study of Israeli gay males (N = 114), we focused on the interrelations of family support, family acceptance and family knowledge of gay orientation, and gay male identity formation, and their effects on mental health and self-esteem. A path model was proposed based on the hypotheses that family support, family acceptance, family knowledge, and gay identity formation have an impact on psychological adjustment, and that family support has an effect on gay identity formation that is mediated by family acceptance. The assessment of gay identity formation was based on an established stage model that was streamlined for cross-cultural practice by defining three basic processes of same-gender identity formation: self-definition, self-acceptance, and disclosure (Elizur & Mintzer, 2001). The testing of our conceptual path model demonstrated an excellent fit with the data. An alternative model that hypothesized effects of gay male identity on family acceptance and family knowledge did not fit the data. Interpreting these results, we propose that the main effect of family support/acceptance on gay identity is related to the process of disclosure, and that both general family support and family acceptance of same-gender orientation play a significant role in the psychological adjustment of gay men.

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Section: Gay Male Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Family Support and Acceptance, Gay Male Identity Formation, and Psychological Adjustment: A Path Model*

Elizur

Ziv²

2001

Family Process

123

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“…They attribute this to the gay dancers' gender atypicality in childhood, a conclusion that finds some support elsewhere in the literature. Several psychological studies (e.g., Hooberman, 1979;Carlson and Steuer, 1985;Duckit and Troit, 1989) support the popular perception that gay men tend to be more feminine than heterosexual men, and Jönsson and Carlsson (2000) find that androgynous men are significantly more creative than traditionally masculine men.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Sexual Orientation and Demand for the Arts^*

Lewis

Seaman

2004

Social Science Quarterly

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Objective. We establish and try to explain a gay affinity for the arts. Methods. Using logit analysis on the General Social Survey, we test whether demographics, creativity, gender nonconformity, and sexual repression can explain differences between lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGBs) and others in attendance at art museums, classical music concerts, and dance performances. Results.LGBs' higher education and probability of being childless city-dwellers explain one-third of the substantial attendance differences. However, LGBs do not demonstrate higher innate creativity through greater amateur production of art; gay men's affinity for the arts appears no stronger than lesbians', casting doubt on the gender nonconformity explanation; and LGB-straight attendance differences are as large among young as older respondents, despite supposed declines in the special functions of arts attendance since gay liberation. Conclusions.LGBs are much more likely to attend the arts than demographically similar heterosexuals, but we find little support for three conventional explanations.

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“…Indeed, some research suggests that lesbians and gay men are more likely to demonstrate androgynous or cross-gender interests (Carlson and Steuer 1985); in turn, women's selfperceived nonconformity with the norms associated with their gender led them to wonder whether they might be better parents to (and/or have greater enjoyment raising) an opposite-gender child. Thus, as prior research has shown, a desire to participate in particular (gender-typed) activities may underlie some individuals' gender preferences (Pollard and Morgan 2002;Williamson 1976), although, in this case, it was lesbians' preference for oppositegender activities that led them to prefer an oppositegender child.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterosexual, Lesbian, and Gay Preadoptive Parents’ Preferences About Child Gender

Goldberg

2009

Sex Roles

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Little research has explored the child gender preferences of preadoptive parents. This study utilized a mixed-methods approach to explore child gender preferences (and individuals' reasons for such preferences) in a geographically diverse, US sample of 93 heterosexual, 61 lesbian, and 48 gay male preadoptive couples. Heterosexual men were the least likely to demonstrate a gender preference and gay men were the most likely. Individuals in heterosexual relationships were more likely to prefer girls than individuals in same-gender relationships. In explaining their preferences, sexual minorities often emphasized gender socialization considerations (e.g., their perceived inability to socialize a child of the opposite gender) and concerns about heterosexism (e.g., some gay men preferred girls because they felt a boy would encounter more harassment).

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Age, Sex-Role Categorization, and Psychological Health in American Homosexual and Heterosexual Men and Women

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Family Support and Acceptance, Gay Male Identity Formation, and Psychological Adjustment: A Path Model*

Family Support and Acceptance, Gay Male Identity Formation, and Psychological Adjustment: A Path Model*

Sexual Orientation and Demand for the Arts^*

Heterosexual, Lesbian, and Gay Preadoptive Parents’ Preferences About Child Gender

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Age, Sex-Role Categorization, and Psychological Health in American Homosexual and Heterosexual Men and Women

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Family Support and Acceptance, Gay Male Identity Formation, and Psychological Adjustment: A Path Model*

Family Support and Acceptance, Gay Male Identity Formation, and Psychological Adjustment: A Path Model*

Sexual Orientation and Demand for the Arts*

Heterosexual, Lesbian, and Gay Preadoptive Parents’ Preferences About Child Gender

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Sexual Orientation and Demand for the Arts^*