Age-Specific Prevalence and Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment in an Older Population

Klaver, Caroline C W

doi:10.1001/archopht.116.5.653

Cited by 813 publications

(491 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Interestingly, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, and their percentage as cause for visual impairment or blindness was markedly lower in the Beijing Eye Study than in the population-based investigations in Western countries. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] As in the population-based studies, the prevalence of epiretinal membranes was significantly associated with age. In addition, hyperopic refractive error was a factor associated with the frequency of epiretinal membranes in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in adult Chinese: the Beijing eye study

You

Jonas

2007

Eye

109

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Purpose To determine the prevalence of epiretinal membranes in the adult Chinese population. Methods The Beijing Eye Study, a population-based, cross-sectional cohort study, included 4439 subjects out of 5324 subjects invited to participate (response rate 83.4%) with an age of 40 þ years. The present investigation consisted of 4378 (98.6%) subjects for whom readable fundus photographs (301 nonstereoscopic colour images) were available. Assessing the fundus photographs, we differentiated two membrane types: cellophane maculopathy and premacular fibrosis. Results Prevalence rate of epiretinal membranes was 2.270.2% (mean7SE) (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9,2.5) per eye or 2.270.2% (95% CI: 1.8,2.7) per subject. In binary logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of epiretinal membranes was significantly associated with age (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.07,1.12), visual field loss (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.03,1.07), hyperopia (P ¼ 0.02; 95% CI: 1.01,1.18), and higher education (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.29,1.74). Cellophane maculopathy showed a prevalence rate of 1.1170.1% (95% CI: 0.9,1.3) per eye and 1.870.2% (95% CI: 1.4,2.2) per subject. Its prevalence was significantly associated with age (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.08,1.13), higher education (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.26,1.92), and visual field loss (P ¼ 0.009; 95% CI: 1.01,1.07). Premacular fibrosis had a prevalence rate of 1.0670.1% (95% CI: 0.9,1.3) per eye and 1.870.2% (95% CI: 1.4,2.2) per subject. It was significantly associated with age (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.06,1.11), higher level of education (Po0.001; 95% CI: 1.15,1.74), and visual field loss (P ¼ 0.001; 95% CI: 1.02,1.08). ConclusionIn adult Chinese in Greater Beijing, epiretinal membranes including cellophane maculopathy and premacular fibrosis occur in a relatively low frequency which may be lower than in Western countries. Epiretinal membranes including its subtypes of cellophane maculopathy and epiretinal fibrosis were associated with age and hyperopic refractive error.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in adult Chinese: the Beijing eye study

You

Jonas

2007

Eye

109

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“…For persons aged 75 years or older, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major cause of the increased prevalence of blindness. 1,2 The overall 2-year cumulative incidence of AMD in Rotterdam study was 0.2%, increasing to 1.8% in subjects of 85 years or older. This is lower than the incidence rate in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This is lower than the incidence rate in the United States. 1 The prevalence in UK was about 1.64% of population (Melton Mowbray study). 3 In one of the recent studies, it is estimated that in Britain there are 172 000 and 245 000 cases with geographical and neovascular AMD, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drusen classification in bilateral drusen and fellow eye of exudative age-related macular degeneration

Hamada

Jain

Sivagnanavel

et al. 2005

Eye

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Aim To assess the value of the modified international classification system in screening high-risk patients with bilateral age-related maculopathy (ARM) from those with lower risk characteristics. Methods In total, 164 digital images of 106 patients with either bilateral ARM (group A) or the fellow eyes of unilateral exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (Group B) were included. Patients with no signs of ARM in both eyes or those with bilateral late AMD were excluded. The images were randomised and then graded by two masked ophthalmologists based on the modified International Classification of ARM. Results The interobserver consistency between the two graders was high with a Kappa value of 0.82 (SE 0.34, Po0.0001). There were no significant differences in the distribution of the stages of ARM between the two subgroups. Stage 3 was the most common stage in each group for both graders followed by stage 2a in the bilateral drusen group. Stages 1a, 2a and 2b were equally the next common stage in the fellow eye of chordial neovascularisation group. Conclusion A screening system based on clinical characteristics would be of value in risk prediction in a clinical setting. Type of Drusen alone, as identified by the modified International grading system, may not be reliably predictive in screening for patients who are at high risk of developing choroidal neovascularisation.

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“…5 Similar are the findings in Europe and Australia. [6][7][8] In India important causes of blindness are cataract (44-77.5%), uncorrected refractive error (15-16.3%), retinal diseases (5.9-10.9%), glaucoma (7.9-10.2%), and corneal diseases (1.2-7.1%). [9][10][11] Similar were the findings in other less developed countries.…”

Section: Regional Distribution Of Blindnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

The value of corneal transplantation in reducing blindness

Garg

Krishna

Stratis

et al. 2005

Eye

125

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Purpose To analyse the role of keratoplasty in reducing world blindness due to corneal diseases. Methods Review of published literature. We collected and analysed articles published in the English language literature related to the prevalence and causes of blindness in different parts of the world, causes of corneal blindness, and outcome of corneal transplantation for various corneal diseases. Results A total of 80% of the world's blind live in developing countries. Retinal diseases are the most important causes of blindness (40-54%) in established economy nations while cataract (44-60%) and corneal diseases (8-25%) are the most common causes of blindness in countries with less developed economies. Keratitis during childhood, trauma, and keratitis during adulthood resulting in a vascularized corneal scar and adherent leucoma are the most frequent causes of corneal blindness in developing countries. Corneal diseases are responsible for 20% of childhood blindness. Nearly 80% of all corneal blindness is avoidable. The outcome of keratoplasty for vascularized corneal scar and adherent leucoma is unsatisfactory, necessitating repeat surgery in a high proportion of these cases. Other barriers for keratoplasty in these nations are suboptimal eye banking, lack of trained human resources, and infrastructure. Conclusions Since the developing world carries most of the load of corneal blindness and the major causes of corneal blindness are corneal scar and active keratitis, development of corneal transplantation services need a comprehensive approach encompassing medical standards in eye banking, training of cornea specialists and eye banking personnel and exposure of ophthalmologists to care of corneal transplants for better follow-up care. However, concerted efforts should be made to develop and implement prevention strategies since most corneal blindness is preventable.

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Age-Specific Prevalence and Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment in an Older Population

Cited by 813 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in adult Chinese: the Beijing eye study

Prevalence and associations of epiretinal membranes in adult Chinese: the Beijing eye study

Drusen classification in bilateral drusen and fellow eye of exudative age-related macular degeneration

The value of corneal transplantation in reducing blindness

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